Taxonomy for Biology Articles-9th Class: Difference between revisions
From Vidyalayawiki
m (added Category:जीव विज्ञान using HotCat) |
No edit summary |
||
Line 3: | Line 3: | ||
|'''अध्याय''' | |'''अध्याय''' | ||
|'''विषय''' | |'''विषय''' | ||
|'''Article Creator Name''' | |||
|'''Chapters''' | |'''Chapters''' | ||
|'''Topic''' | |'''Topic''' | ||
Line 8: | Line 9: | ||
|'''1''' | |'''1''' | ||
|'''जीवन की मौलिक इकाई''' | |'''जीवन की मौलिक इकाई''' | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|'''The fundamental unit of life''' | |'''The fundamental unit of life''' | ||
Line 15: | Line 17: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[अंतर्द्रव्यी जालिका (ER)]] | |[[अंतर्द्रव्यी जालिका (ER)]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | |Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | ||
Line 21: | Line 24: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[लवक]] | |[[लवक]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Plastid | |Plastid | ||
Line 27: | Line 31: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[अवर्णी लवक]] | |[[अवर्णी लवक]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Leucoplast | |Leucoplast | ||
Line 33: | Line 38: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[केंद्रक]] | |[[केंद्रक]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Nucleus | |Nucleus | ||
Line 39: | Line 45: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[कोशिकांग]] | |[[कोशिकांग]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Cell organelle | |Cell organelle | ||
Line 45: | Line 52: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[कोशिकाद्रव्य]] | |[[कोशिकाद्रव्य]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Cytoplasm | |Cytoplasm | ||
Line 51: | Line 59: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[न्यूक्लियॉइड]] | |[[न्यूक्लियॉइड]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Nucleoid | |Nucleoid | ||
Line 57: | Line 66: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[कोशिका भित्ति]] | |[[कोशिका भित्ति]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Cell wall | |Cell wall | ||
Line 63: | Line 73: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[क्लोरोफिल]] | |[[क्लोरोफिल]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Chlorophyll | |Chlorophyll | ||
Line 69: | Line 80: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[खुरदारी अंतर्द्रव्यी जालिका]] | |[[खुरदारी अंतर्द्रव्यी जालिका]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) | |Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) | ||
Line 75: | Line 87: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[गॉल्जी बॉडी]] | |[[गॉल्जी बॉडी]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Golgi body | |Golgi body | ||
Line 81: | Line 94: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[चिकनी अंतर्द्रव्यी जालिका]] | |[[चिकनी अंतर्द्रव्यी जालिका]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | |Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | ||
Line 87: | Line 101: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[झिल्ली]] | |[[झिल्ली]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Membrane | |Membrane | ||
Line 93: | Line 108: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[थैली (पुटिका)]] | |[[थैली (पुटिका)]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Bag | |Bag | ||
Line 99: | Line 115: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[प्लाज्मा झिल्ली]] | |[[प्लाज्मा झिल्ली]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Plasma membrane | |Plasma membrane | ||
Line 105: | Line 122: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[प्रोकैरियोटिक]] | |[[प्रोकैरियोटिक]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Prokaryotic | |Prokaryotic | ||
Line 111: | Line 129: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[क्लोरोफिल]] | |[[क्लोरोफिल]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Chlorophyll | |Chlorophyll | ||
Line 117: | Line 136: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[क्रिप्टोगेम]] | |[[क्रिप्टोगेम]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Cryptogams | |Cryptogams | ||
Line 123: | Line 143: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[युकैरियोटिक]] | |[[युकैरियोटिक]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Eukaryotic | |Eukaryotic | ||
Line 129: | Line 150: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[रसधानी]] | |[[रसधानी]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Vacuole | |Vacuole | ||
Line 135: | Line 157: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[प्लास्टिड]] | |[[प्लास्टिड]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Plastid | |Plastid | ||
Line 141: | Line 164: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[वर्णी लवक]] | |[[वर्णी लवक]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Chromoplast | |Chromoplast | ||
Line 147: | Line 171: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[बड़ी रसधानी]] | |[[बड़ी रसधानी]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Large Vacuole | |Large Vacuole | ||
Line 153: | Line 178: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[कोशिका द्रव्य]] | |[[कोशिका द्रव्य]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Cytoplasm | |Cytoplasm | ||
Line 159: | Line 185: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[गुणसूत्र]] | |[[गुणसूत्र]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Chromosomes | |Chromosomes | ||
Line 165: | Line 192: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[हरितलवक]] | |[[हरितलवक]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Chloroplast | |Chloroplast | ||
Line 170: | Line 198: | ||
|'''2''' | |'''2''' | ||
|'''ऊतक''' | |'''ऊतक''' | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|'''Tissue''' | |'''Tissue''' | ||
Line 177: | Line 206: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[विभज्योतक ऊतक]] | |[[विभज्योतक ऊतक]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|meristem tissue | |meristem tissue | ||
Line 183: | Line 213: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[कैम्बियम]] | |[[कैम्बियम]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Cambium | |Cambium | ||
Line 189: | Line 220: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[आरेखित पेशी]] | |[[आरेखित पेशी]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Unstriated muscle | |Unstriated muscle | ||
Line 195: | Line 227: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[स्थायी ऊतक]] | |[[स्थायी ऊतक]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|permanent tissue | |permanent tissue | ||
Line 201: | Line 234: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[सरल स्थायी ऊतक]] | |[[सरल स्थायी ऊतक]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Simple permanent tissue | |Simple permanent tissue | ||
Line 207: | Line 241: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[एरेन्काइमा]] | |[[एरेन्काइमा]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Aeranchyma | |Aeranchyma | ||
Line 213: | Line 248: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[क्लोरेन्काइमा ऊतक]] | |[[क्लोरेन्काइमा ऊतक]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Chlorenchyma Tissue | |Chlorenchyma Tissue | ||
Line 219: | Line 255: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[स्क्लेरेनकाइमा]] | |[[स्क्लेरेनकाइमा]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|sclerenchyma | |sclerenchyma | ||
Line 225: | Line 262: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[पैरेन्काइमा ऊतक]] | |[[पैरेन्काइमा ऊतक]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|parenchyma tissue | |parenchyma tissue | ||
Line 231: | Line 269: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[एपिडर्मिस]] | |[[एपिडर्मिस]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Epidermis | |Epidermis | ||
Line 237: | Line 276: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[स्नायविक विकार]] | |[[स्नायविक विकार]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Nervous disorder | |Nervous disorder | ||
Line 243: | Line 283: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[स्नायु]] | |[[स्नायु]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Ligament | |Ligament | ||
Line 249: | Line 290: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[द्वार कोशिकाएं]] | |[[द्वार कोशिकाएं]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Gate cells | |Gate cells | ||
Line 255: | Line 297: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[जाइलम ऊतक]] | |[[जाइलम ऊतक]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Xylem | |Xylem | ||
Line 261: | Line 304: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[उपास्थि]] | |[[उपास्थि]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Cartilage | |Cartilage | ||
Line 267: | Line 311: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[फ़्लोएम ऊतक]] | |[[फ़्लोएम ऊतक]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Phloem Tissue | |Phloem Tissue | ||
Line 273: | Line 318: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[कोलेन्काइमा]] | |[[कोलेन्काइमा]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Collenchyma | |Collenchyma | ||
Line 279: | Line 325: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[जंतु ऊतक]] | |[[जंतु ऊतक]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Animal Tissue | |Animal Tissue | ||
Line 285: | Line 332: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[घनाकार एपिथीलियम]] | |[[घनाकार एपिथीलियम]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Cuboidal Epithelium | |Cuboidal Epithelium | ||
Line 291: | Line 339: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[एपिथीलियम ऊतक]] | |[[एपिथीलियम ऊतक]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Epithelial tissue | |Epithelial tissue | ||
Line 297: | Line 346: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[कंकाल पेशियाँ]] | |[[कंकाल पेशियाँ]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Skeletal muscles | |Skeletal muscles | ||
Line 303: | Line 353: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[कण्डरा]] | |[[कण्डरा]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Tendon | |Tendon | ||
Line 309: | Line 360: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[शल्की एपिथीलियम]] | |[[शल्की एपिथीलियम]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Squamous epithelium | |Squamous epithelium | ||
Line 315: | Line 367: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[संयोजी ऊतक]] | |[[संयोजी ऊतक]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|connective tissues | |connective tissues | ||
Line 321: | Line 374: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[पेशीय ऊतक]] | |[[पेशीय ऊतक]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|muscle tissue | |muscle tissue | ||
Line 327: | Line 381: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[न्यूरॉन]] | |[[न्यूरॉन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Neuron | |Neuron | ||
Line 333: | Line 388: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[एक्सॉन]] | |[[एक्सॉन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Axon | |Axon | ||
Line 339: | Line 395: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[क्यूटिन]] | |[[क्यूटिन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Cutin | |Cutin | ||
Line 345: | Line 402: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[डेन्ड्राइट]] | |[[डेन्ड्राइट]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|dendrites | |dendrites | ||
Line 351: | Line 409: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[कार्डिक पेशी]] | |[[कार्डिक पेशी]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Cardiac Muscle | |Cardiac Muscle | ||
Line 356: | Line 415: | ||
|'''3''' | |'''3''' | ||
|'''जीवों में विविधता''' | |'''जीवों में विविधता''' | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|'''Diversity in Living organisms''' | |'''Diversity in Living organisms''' | ||
Line 363: | Line 423: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[वर्गीकरण]] | |[[वर्गीकरण]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Classification | |Classification | ||
Line 369: | Line 430: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[जैव विकास]] | |[[जैव विकास]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Biological evolution | |Biological evolution | ||
Line 375: | Line 437: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[जगत]] | |[[जगत]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Kingdom | |Kingdom | ||
Line 381: | Line 444: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[मोनेरा]] | |[[मोनेरा]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Monera | |Monera | ||
Line 387: | Line 451: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[कवक]] | |[[कवक]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Fungi | |Fungi | ||
Line 393: | Line 458: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[प्रोटिस्टा]] | |[[प्रोटिस्टा]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Protista | |Protista | ||
Line 399: | Line 465: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[प्लांटी]] | |[[प्लांटी]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Plantee | |Plantee | ||
Line 405: | Line 472: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[एनिमेलिया]] | |[[एनिमेलिया]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Animalia | |Animalia | ||
Line 411: | Line 479: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[थैलोफाइटा]] | |[[थैलोफाइटा]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Thallophyta | |Thallophyta | ||
Line 417: | Line 486: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[गण]] | |[[गण]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Order | |Order | ||
Line 423: | Line 493: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[ब्रायोफाइटा]] | |[[ब्रायोफाइटा]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Bryophyta | |Bryophyta | ||
Line 429: | Line 500: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[टेरिडोफाइटा]] | |[[टेरिडोफाइटा]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Pteridophyta | |Pteridophyta | ||
Line 435: | Line 507: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[जिम्नोस्पर्म]] | |[[जिम्नोस्पर्म]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Gymnosperm | |Gymnosperm | ||
Line 441: | Line 514: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[एंजियोस्पर्म]] | |[[एंजियोस्पर्म]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Angiosperms | |Angiosperms | ||
Line 447: | Line 521: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[एनिमेलिया]] | |[[एनिमेलिया]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Animaliya | |Animaliya | ||
Line 453: | Line 528: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[पोरीफेरा]] | |[[पोरीफेरा]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Porifera | |Porifera | ||
Line 459: | Line 535: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[सीलेन्ट्रेटा]] | |[[सीलेन्ट्रेटा]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|celantrata | |celantrata | ||
Line 465: | Line 542: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[प्लेटीहेल्मिन्थेस]] | |[[प्लेटीहेल्मिन्थेस]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Platyhelminthes | |Platyhelminthes | ||
Line 471: | Line 549: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[निमेटोडा]] | |[[निमेटोडा]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Nematoda | |Nematoda | ||
Line 477: | Line 556: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[एनेलिडा]] | |[[एनेलिडा]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Annelida | |Annelida | ||
Line 483: | Line 563: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[आर्थ्रोपोड़ा]] | |[[आर्थ्रोपोड़ा]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Arthropoda | |Arthropoda | ||
Line 489: | Line 570: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[मोलस्का]] | |[[मोलस्का]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Mollusca | |Mollusca | ||
Line 495: | Line 577: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[इकाइनोडर्मेटा]] | |[[इकाइनोडर्मेटा]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Echinodermata | |Echinodermata | ||
Line 501: | Line 584: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[प्रोटोकॉर्डेटा]] | |[[प्रोटोकॉर्डेटा]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Protochordata | |Protochordata | ||
Line 507: | Line 591: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[कशेरुकी]] | |[[कशेरुकी]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Vertebrates | |Vertebrates | ||
Line 513: | Line 598: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[कुल]] | |[[कुल]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Family | |Family | ||
Line 519: | Line 605: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[साइक्लोस्टोमेटा]] | |[[साइक्लोस्टोमेटा]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Cyclostometa | |Cyclostometa | ||
Line 525: | Line 612: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[एककोशिकीय]] | |[[एककोशिकीय]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Unicellular | |Unicellular | ||
Line 531: | Line 619: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[चपटे कृमि]] | |[[चपटे कृमि]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Flatworm | |Flatworm | ||
Line 537: | Line 626: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[उभयचर]] | |[[उभयचर]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Amphibian | |Amphibian | ||
Line 543: | Line 633: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[सरीसृप]] | |[[सरीसृप]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Reptiles | |Reptiles | ||
Line 549: | Line 640: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[असमतापी]] | |[[असमतापी]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Cold-blooded | |Cold-blooded | ||
Line 555: | Line 647: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[नाम पद्धति]] | |[[नाम पद्धति]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Nomenclature | |Nomenclature | ||
Line 560: | Line 653: | ||
|'''4''' | |'''4''' | ||
|'''प्राकृतिक संपदा''' | |'''प्राकृतिक संपदा''' | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|'''Natural Resources''' | |'''Natural Resources''' | ||
Line 567: | Line 661: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[ओज़ोन परत]] | |[[ओज़ोन परत]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Ozone layer | |Ozone layer | ||
Line 573: | Line 668: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[ऑक्सीजन-चक्र]] | |[[ऑक्सीजन-चक्र]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Oxygen-cycle | |Oxygen-cycle | ||
Line 579: | Line 675: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[ग्रीनहाउस प्रभाव]] | |[[ग्रीनहाउस प्रभाव]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Green House Effect | |Green House Effect | ||
Line 585: | Line 682: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[कार्बन चक्र]] | |[[कार्बन चक्र]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Carbon cycle | |Carbon cycle | ||
Line 591: | Line 689: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[नाइट्रोजन चक्र]] | |[[नाइट्रोजन चक्र]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Nitrogen Effect | |Nitrogen Effect | ||
Line 597: | Line 696: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[जल चक्र]] | |[[जल चक्र]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Water Cycle | |Water Cycle | ||
Line 603: | Line 703: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[वायु प्रदूषण]] | |[[वायु प्रदूषण]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Air pollution | |Air pollution | ||
Line 609: | Line 710: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[आर्द्रता]] | |[[आर्द्रता]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Humidity | |Humidity | ||
Line 615: | Line 717: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[आपेक्षिक आर्द्रता]] | |[[आपेक्षिक आर्द्रता]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Relative Humidity | |Relative Humidity | ||
Line 621: | Line 724: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[आप्लावित]] | |[[आप्लावित]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Flooding | |Flooding | ||
Line 627: | Line 731: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[वर्षा]] | |[[वर्षा]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Rain | |Rain | ||
Line 633: | Line 738: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[उपरिमृदा]] | |[[उपरिमृदा]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|top soil | |top soil | ||
Line 639: | Line 745: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[संक्रामक]] | |[[संक्रामक]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Infectious | |Infectious | ||
Line 645: | Line 752: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[अपघटन]] | |[[अपघटन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Decomposers | |Decomposers | ||
Line 651: | Line 759: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[अपघटक]] | |[[अपघटक]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Decomposers | |Decomposers | ||
Line 657: | Line 766: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[आर्द्र क्षेत्र]] | |[[आर्द्र क्षेत्र]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Wet zone | |Wet zone | ||
Line 663: | Line 773: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[उत्पादक]] | |[[उत्पादक]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Producers | |Producers | ||
Line 669: | Line 780: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[कोहरा]] | |[[कोहरा]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Fog | |Fog | ||
Line 675: | Line 787: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[उर्वरता]] | |[[उर्वरता]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Fertility | |Fertility | ||
Line 681: | Line 794: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[अपरदन]] | |[[अपरदन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Erosion | |Erosion | ||
Line 687: | Line 801: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[पवनें]] | |[[पवनें]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|The winds | |The winds | ||
Line 692: | Line 807: | ||
|'''5''' | |'''5''' | ||
|'''खाद्य संसाधनों में सुधार''' | |'''खाद्य संसाधनों में सुधार''' | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|'''Improvement in food resources''' | |'''Improvement in food resources''' | ||
Line 699: | Line 815: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[अल्पपोषण]] | |[[अल्पपोषण]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Undernutrition | |Undernutrition | ||
Line 705: | Line 822: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[कुक्कुट पालन]] | |[[कुक्कुट पालन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Poultry | |Poultry | ||
Line 711: | Line 829: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[कीटनाशक]] | |[[कीटनाशक]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Pesticides | |Pesticides | ||
Line 717: | Line 836: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[कृषि कीटनाशक]] | |[[कृषि कीटनाशक]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Agriculture pest | |Agriculture pest | ||
Line 723: | Line 843: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[कृषि-वानिकी]] | |[[कृषि-वानिकी]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Agroforestry | |Agroforestry | ||
Line 729: | Line 850: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[खरपतवार]] | |[[खरपतवार]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Weeds | |Weeds | ||
Line 735: | Line 857: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[फसल चक्र]] | |[[फसल चक्र]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Crop Rotation | |Crop Rotation | ||
Line 741: | Line 864: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[फसल सूचकांक]] | |[[फसल सूचकांक]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Cropping index | |Cropping index | ||
Line 747: | Line 871: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[फलीदार फसलें]] | |[[फलीदार फसलें]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Legumes | |Legumes | ||
Line 753: | Line 878: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[भूजल]] | |[[भूजल]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Ground water | |Ground water | ||
Line 759: | Line 885: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[मत्स्य पालन]] | |[[मत्स्य पालन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Fisheries | |Fisheries | ||
Line 765: | Line 892: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[मधुमक्खी पालन]] | |[[मधुमक्खी पालन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Bee keeping | |Bee keeping | ||
Line 771: | Line 899: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[मिश्रित फसल]] | |[[मिश्रित फसल]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Mixed cropping | |Mixed cropping | ||
Line 777: | Line 906: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[मधु-वाटिका]] | |[[मधु-वाटिका]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Apiary | |Apiary | ||
Line 783: | Line 913: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[मधु- निष्कर्षक]] | |[[मधु- निष्कर्षक]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Honey-Extractor | |Honey-Extractor | ||
Line 789: | Line 920: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[मत्स्य-डिम्भ]] | |[[मत्स्य-डिम्भ]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Fish seed | |Fish seed | ||
Line 795: | Line 927: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[मत्स्य-पालन]] | |[[मत्स्य-पालन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Fish farming | |Fish farming | ||
Line 801: | Line 934: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[मछली- संवर्धन]] | |[[मछली- संवर्धन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Cultur-fishery | |Cultur-fishery | ||
Line 807: | Line 941: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[वर्मी-खाद]] | |[[वर्मी-खाद]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Vermi-compost | |Vermi-compost | ||
Line 813: | Line 948: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[शाकनाशी]] | |[[शाकनाशी]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Herbicides | |Herbicides | ||
Line 819: | Line 955: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[सर्वाहारी]] | |[[सर्वाहारी]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Omnivores | |Omnivores |
Revision as of 16:30, 23 August 2023
S.No | अध्याय | विषय | Article Creator Name | Chapters | Topic |
1 | जीवन की मौलिक इकाई | The fundamental unit of life | |||
अंतर्द्रव्यी जालिका (ER) | Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | ||||
लवक | Plastid | ||||
अवर्णी लवक | Leucoplast | ||||
केंद्रक | Nucleus | ||||
कोशिकांग | Cell organelle | ||||
कोशिकाद्रव्य | Cytoplasm | ||||
न्यूक्लियॉइड | Nucleoid | ||||
कोशिका भित्ति | Cell wall | ||||
क्लोरोफिल | Chlorophyll | ||||
खुरदारी अंतर्द्रव्यी जालिका | Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) | ||||
गॉल्जी बॉडी | Golgi body | ||||
चिकनी अंतर्द्रव्यी जालिका | Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | ||||
झिल्ली | Membrane | ||||
थैली (पुटिका) | Bag | ||||
प्लाज्मा झिल्ली | Plasma membrane | ||||
प्रोकैरियोटिक | Prokaryotic | ||||
क्लोरोफिल | Chlorophyll | ||||
क्रिप्टोगेम | Cryptogams | ||||
युकैरियोटिक | Eukaryotic | ||||
रसधानी | Vacuole | ||||
प्लास्टिड | Plastid | ||||
वर्णी लवक | Chromoplast | ||||
बड़ी रसधानी | Large Vacuole | ||||
कोशिका द्रव्य | Cytoplasm | ||||
गुणसूत्र | Chromosomes | ||||
हरितलवक | Chloroplast | ||||
2 | ऊतक | Tissue | |||
विभज्योतक ऊतक | meristem tissue | ||||
कैम्बियम | Cambium | ||||
आरेखित पेशी | Unstriated muscle | ||||
स्थायी ऊतक | permanent tissue | ||||
सरल स्थायी ऊतक | Simple permanent tissue | ||||
एरेन्काइमा | Aeranchyma | ||||
क्लोरेन्काइमा ऊतक | Chlorenchyma Tissue | ||||
स्क्लेरेनकाइमा | sclerenchyma | ||||
पैरेन्काइमा ऊतक | parenchyma tissue | ||||
एपिडर्मिस | Epidermis | ||||
स्नायविक विकार | Nervous disorder | ||||
स्नायु | Ligament | ||||
द्वार कोशिकाएं | Gate cells | ||||
जाइलम ऊतक | Xylem | ||||
उपास्थि | Cartilage | ||||
फ़्लोएम ऊतक | Phloem Tissue | ||||
कोलेन्काइमा | Collenchyma | ||||
जंतु ऊतक | Animal Tissue | ||||
घनाकार एपिथीलियम | Cuboidal Epithelium | ||||
एपिथीलियम ऊतक | Epithelial tissue | ||||
कंकाल पेशियाँ | Skeletal muscles | ||||
कण्डरा | Tendon | ||||
शल्की एपिथीलियम | Squamous epithelium | ||||
संयोजी ऊतक | connective tissues | ||||
पेशीय ऊतक | muscle tissue | ||||
न्यूरॉन | Neuron | ||||
एक्सॉन | Axon | ||||
क्यूटिन | Cutin | ||||
डेन्ड्राइट | dendrites | ||||
कार्डिक पेशी | Cardiac Muscle | ||||
3 | जीवों में विविधता | Diversity in Living organisms | |||
वर्गीकरण | Classification | ||||
जैव विकास | Biological evolution | ||||
जगत | Kingdom | ||||
मोनेरा | Monera | ||||
कवक | Fungi | ||||
प्रोटिस्टा | Protista | ||||
प्लांटी | Plantee | ||||
एनिमेलिया | Animalia | ||||
थैलोफाइटा | Thallophyta | ||||
गण | Order | ||||
ब्रायोफाइटा | Bryophyta | ||||
टेरिडोफाइटा | Pteridophyta | ||||
जिम्नोस्पर्म | Gymnosperm | ||||
एंजियोस्पर्म | Angiosperms | ||||
एनिमेलिया | Animaliya | ||||
पोरीफेरा | Porifera | ||||
सीलेन्ट्रेटा | celantrata | ||||
प्लेटीहेल्मिन्थेस | Platyhelminthes | ||||
निमेटोडा | Nematoda | ||||
एनेलिडा | Annelida | ||||
आर्थ्रोपोड़ा | Arthropoda | ||||
मोलस्का | Mollusca | ||||
इकाइनोडर्मेटा | Echinodermata | ||||
प्रोटोकॉर्डेटा | Protochordata | ||||
कशेरुकी | Vertebrates | ||||
कुल | Family | ||||
साइक्लोस्टोमेटा | Cyclostometa | ||||
एककोशिकीय | Unicellular | ||||
चपटे कृमि | Flatworm | ||||
उभयचर | Amphibian | ||||
सरीसृप | Reptiles | ||||
असमतापी | Cold-blooded | ||||
नाम पद्धति | Nomenclature | ||||
4 | प्राकृतिक संपदा | Natural Resources | |||
ओज़ोन परत | Ozone layer | ||||
ऑक्सीजन-चक्र | Oxygen-cycle | ||||
ग्रीनहाउस प्रभाव | Green House Effect | ||||
कार्बन चक्र | Carbon cycle | ||||
नाइट्रोजन चक्र | Nitrogen Effect | ||||
जल चक्र | Water Cycle | ||||
वायु प्रदूषण | Air pollution | ||||
आर्द्रता | Humidity | ||||
आपेक्षिक आर्द्रता | Relative Humidity | ||||
आप्लावित | Flooding | ||||
वर्षा | Rain | ||||
उपरिमृदा | top soil | ||||
संक्रामक | Infectious | ||||
अपघटन | Decomposers | ||||
अपघटक | Decomposers | ||||
आर्द्र क्षेत्र | Wet zone | ||||
उत्पादक | Producers | ||||
कोहरा | Fog | ||||
उर्वरता | Fertility | ||||
अपरदन | Erosion | ||||
पवनें | The winds | ||||
5 | खाद्य संसाधनों में सुधार | Improvement in food resources | |||
अल्पपोषण | Undernutrition | ||||
कुक्कुट पालन | Poultry | ||||
कीटनाशक | Pesticides | ||||
कृषि कीटनाशक | Agriculture pest | ||||
कृषि-वानिकी | Agroforestry | ||||
खरपतवार | Weeds | ||||
फसल चक्र | Crop Rotation | ||||
फसल सूचकांक | Cropping index | ||||
फलीदार फसलें | Legumes | ||||
भूजल | Ground water | ||||
मत्स्य पालन | Fisheries | ||||
मधुमक्खी पालन | Bee keeping | ||||
मिश्रित फसल | Mixed cropping | ||||
मधु-वाटिका | Apiary | ||||
मधु- निष्कर्षक | Honey-Extractor | ||||
मत्स्य-डिम्भ | Fish seed | ||||
मत्स्य-पालन | Fish farming | ||||
मछली- संवर्धन | Cultur-fishery | ||||
वर्मी-खाद | Vermi-compost | ||||
शाकनाशी | Herbicides | ||||
सर्वाहारी | Omnivores |