Taxonomy for Biology Articles-9th Class: Difference between revisions
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|'''Article Creator Name''' | |'''Article Creator Name''' | ||
|'''Work Status & Date''' | |'''Work Status & Date''' | ||
|'''Review by IIT Kanpur''' | |'''[https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1W0E_JcTAuGojSdK8vcLmC9v91rRN0oWZOtUxlijjZBc/edit#gid=987119762 Review by IIT Kanpur]''' | ||
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|'''1''' | |'''1''' | ||
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|Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | |Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
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| Line 59: | Line 59: | ||
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|Cell organelle | |Cell organelle | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
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| Line 68: | Line 68: | ||
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|Cytoplasm | |Cytoplasm | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
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| Line 77: | Line 77: | ||
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|Nucleoid | |Nucleoid | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
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| Line 86: | Line 86: | ||
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|Cell wall | |Cell wall | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
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| Line 95: | Line 95: | ||
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|Chlorophyll | |Chlorophyll | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
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| Line 104: | Line 104: | ||
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|Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) | |Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
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| Line 113: | Line 113: | ||
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|Golgi body | |Golgi body | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
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| Line 122: | Line 122: | ||
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|Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | |Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
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| Line 149: | Line 149: | ||
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|Plasma membrane | |Plasma membrane | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
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| Line 158: | Line 158: | ||
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|Prokaryotic | |Prokaryotic | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
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| Line 167: | Line 167: | ||
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|Chlorophyll | |Chlorophyll | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
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| Line 176: | Line 176: | ||
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|Cryptogams | |Cryptogams | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
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| Line 185: | Line 185: | ||
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|Eukaryotic | |Eukaryotic | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
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| Line 194: | Line 194: | ||
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|Vacuole | |Vacuole | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
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| Line 203: | Line 203: | ||
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|Plastid | |Plastid | ||
| | |repeated heading | ||
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| Line 212: | Line 212: | ||
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|Chromoplast | |Chromoplast | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
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| Line 221: | Line 221: | ||
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|Large Vacuole | |Large Vacuole | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
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| Line 230: | Line 230: | ||
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|Cytoplasm | |Cytoplasm | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
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| Line 239: | Line 239: | ||
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|Chromosomes | |Chromosomes | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
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| Line 266: | Line 266: | ||
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|meristem tissue | |meristem tissue | ||
| | |Ekatah | ||
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| Line 275: | Line 275: | ||
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|Cambium | |Cambium | ||
| | |Ekatah | ||
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| Line 284: | Line 284: | ||
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|Unstriated muscle | |Unstriated muscle | ||
| | |Ekatah | ||
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| Line 293: | Line 293: | ||
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|permanent tissue | |permanent tissue | ||
| | |Ekatah | ||
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| Line 302: | Line 302: | ||
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|Simple permanent tissue | |Simple permanent tissue | ||
| | |Ekatah | ||
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| Line 311: | Line 311: | ||
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|Aeranchyma | |Aeranchyma | ||
| | |Ekatah Sharma | ||
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| Line 320: | Line 320: | ||
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|Chlorenchyma Tissue | |Chlorenchyma Tissue | ||
| | |Ekatah | ||
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| Line 329: | Line 329: | ||
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|sclerenchyma | |sclerenchyma | ||
| | |Ekatah | ||
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| Line 338: | Line 338: | ||
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|parenchyma tissue | |parenchyma tissue | ||
| | |Ekatah Sharma | ||
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| Line 347: | Line 347: | ||
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|Epidermis | |Epidermis | ||
| | |Ekatah | ||
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| Line 365: | Line 365: | ||
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|Ligament | |Ligament | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
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| Line 383: | Line 383: | ||
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|Xylem | |Xylem | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
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| Line 392: | Line 392: | ||
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|Cartilage | |Cartilage | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
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| Line 401: | Line 401: | ||
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|Phloem Tissue | |Phloem Tissue | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
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| Line 410: | Line 410: | ||
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|Collenchyma | |Collenchyma | ||
| | |Ekatah | ||
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| Line 419: | Line 419: | ||
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|Animal Tissue | |Animal Tissue | ||
| | |Ekatah | ||
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| Line 428: | Line 428: | ||
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|Cuboidal Epithelium | |Cuboidal Epithelium | ||
| | |Ekatah | ||
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| Line 437: | Line 437: | ||
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|Epithelial tissue | |Epithelial tissue | ||
| | |Ekatah | ||
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| Line 446: | Line 446: | ||
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|Skeletal muscles | |Skeletal muscles | ||
| | |Ekatah | ||
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| Line 455: | Line 455: | ||
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|Tendon | |Tendon | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
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| Line 464: | Line 464: | ||
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|Squamous epithelium | |Squamous epithelium | ||
| | |Ekatah | ||
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| Line 473: | Line 473: | ||
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|connective tissues | |connective tissues | ||
| | |Ekatah | ||
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| Line 482: | Line 482: | ||
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|muscle tissue | |muscle tissue | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
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| Line 491: | Line 491: | ||
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|Neuron | |Neuron | ||
| | |Ekatah Sharma | ||
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| Line 518: | Line 518: | ||
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|dendrites | |dendrites | ||
| | |Ekatah sharma | ||
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| Line 527: | Line 527: | ||
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|Cardiac Muscle | |Cardiac Muscle | ||
| | |Ekatah | ||
| | | | ||
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| Line 572: | Line 572: | ||
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|Monera | |Monera | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
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| Line 581: | Line 581: | ||
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|Fungi | |Fungi | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
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| Line 590: | Line 590: | ||
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|Protista | |Protista | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
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| Line 599: | Line 599: | ||
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|Plantee | |Plantee | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
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| Line 608: | Line 608: | ||
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|Animalia | |Animalia | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
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| Line 617: | Line 617: | ||
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|Thallophyta | |Thallophyta | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
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| Line 635: | Line 635: | ||
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|Bryophyta | |Bryophyta | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
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| Line 644: | Line 644: | ||
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|Pteridophyta | |Pteridophyta | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
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| Line 653: | Line 653: | ||
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|Gymnosperm | |Gymnosperm | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
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| Line 662: | Line 662: | ||
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|Angiosperms | |Angiosperms | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
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| Line 671: | Line 671: | ||
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|Animaliya | |Animaliya | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
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| Line 680: | Line 680: | ||
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|Porifera | |Porifera | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
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| Line 689: | Line 689: | ||
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|celantrata | |celantrata | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
| | | | ||
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| Line 698: | Line 698: | ||
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|Platyhelminthes | |Platyhelminthes | ||
| | |Ekatah | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 707: | Line 707: | ||
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|Nematoda | |Nematoda | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
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| Line 716: | Line 716: | ||
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|Annelida | |Annelida | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 725: | Line 725: | ||
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|Arthropoda | |Arthropoda | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 734: | Line 734: | ||
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|Mollusca | |Mollusca | ||
| | |Ekatah | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 743: | Line 743: | ||
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|Echinodermata | |Echinodermata | ||
| | |Ekatah | ||
| | | | ||
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| Line 761: | Line 761: | ||
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|Vertebrates | |Vertebrates | ||
| | |Ekatah | ||
| | | | ||
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| Line 779: | Line 779: | ||
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|Cyclostometa | |Cyclostometa | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
| | | | ||
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| Line 797: | Line 797: | ||
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|Flatworm | |Flatworm | ||
| | |Ekatah | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 806: | Line 806: | ||
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|Amphibian | |Amphibian | ||
| | |Ekatah | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 815: | Line 815: | ||
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|Reptiles | |Reptiles | ||
| | |Ekatah | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 833: | Line 833: | ||
| | | | ||
|Nomenclature | |Nomenclature | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 852: | Line 852: | ||
|Ozone layer | |Ozone layer | ||
|Ekatah Kumari | |Ekatah Kumari | ||
| | |corrected and completed | ||
| | |कृपया उर्दू के शब्दों का प्रयोग नहीं करें जितना अधिक से अधिक हो सके हिंदी के शब्दों का प्रयोग करें जैसे मौजूद को उपस्थित लिखें, शरू को प्रारम्भ लिखें और फुल स्टॉप लगाने के बाद स्पेसिंग का भी ध्यान दें। | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| Line 860: | Line 860: | ||
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|Oxygen-cycle | |Oxygen-cycle | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 878: | Line 878: | ||
| | | | ||
|Carbon cycle | |Carbon cycle | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 886: | Line 886: | ||
|[[नाइट्रोजन चक्र]] | |[[नाइट्रोजन चक्र]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Nitrogen | |Nitrogen cycle | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 897: | Line 897: | ||
|Water Cycle | |Water Cycle | ||
|Ekatah Sharma | |Ekatah Sharma | ||
| | |corrected and completed | ||
| | |कृपया उर्दू के शब्दों का प्रयोग नहीं करें जितना अधिक से अधिक हो सके हिंदी के शब्दों का प्रयोग करें जैसे मौजूद को उपस्थित लिखें, शरू को प्रारम्भ लिखें, पानी के स्थान पर जल का प्रयोग करें। और फुल स्टॉप लगाने के बाद स्पेसिंग का भी ध्यान दें। | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| Line 905: | Line 905: | ||
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|Air pollution | |Air pollution | ||
| | |Ekatah Sharma | ||
| | |completed | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 914: | Line 914: | ||
| | | | ||
|Humidity | |Humidity | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 923: | Line 923: | ||
| | | | ||
|Relative Humidity | |Relative Humidity | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
| | | | ||
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| Line 932: | Line 932: | ||
| | | | ||
|Flooding | |Flooding | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 950: | Line 950: | ||
| | | | ||
|top soil | |top soil | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 968: | Line 968: | ||
| | | | ||
|Decomposers | |Decomposers | ||
| | |Ekatah | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 977: | Line 977: | ||
| | | | ||
|Decomposers | |Decomposers | ||
| | |Ekatah | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 1,031: | Line 1,031: | ||
| | | | ||
|The winds | |The winds | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 1,058: | Line 1,058: | ||
| | | | ||
|Poultry | |Poultry | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 1,067: | Line 1,067: | ||
| | | | ||
|Pesticides | |Pesticides | ||
| | |Ekatah | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 1,076: | Line 1,076: | ||
| | | | ||
|Agriculture pest | |Agriculture pest | ||
| | |Ekatah | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 1,103: | Line 1,103: | ||
| | | | ||
|Crop Rotation | |Crop Rotation | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 1,121: | Line 1,121: | ||
| | | | ||
|Legumes | |Legumes | ||
| | |Ekatah | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 1,139: | Line 1,139: | ||
| | | | ||
|Fisheries | |Fisheries | ||
| | |Ekatah | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 1,148: | Line 1,148: | ||
| | | | ||
|Bee keeping | |Bee keeping | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 1,157: | Line 1,157: | ||
| | | | ||
|Mixed cropping | |Mixed cropping | ||
| | |shahana rizvi | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 1,166: | Line 1,166: | ||
| | | | ||
|Apiary | |Apiary | ||
| | |Ekatah | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 1,193: | Line 1,193: | ||
| | | | ||
|Fish farming | |Fish farming | ||
| | |Ekatah | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Latest revision as of 12:26, 29 October 2023
| S.No | अध्याय | विषय | Chapters | Topic | Article Creator Name | Work Status & Date | Review by IIT Kanpur |
| 1 | जीवन की मौलिक इकाई | The fundamental unit of life | |||||
| अंतर्द्रव्यी जालिका (ER) | Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | shahana rizvi | |||||
| लवक | Plastid | ||||||
| अवर्णी लवक | Leucoplast | ||||||
| केंद्रक | Nucleus | Ekatah Sharma | Completed 30/08/2023 | ||||
| कोशिकांग | Cell organelle | shahana rizvi | |||||
| कोशिकाद्रव्य | Cytoplasm | shahana rizvi | |||||
| न्यूक्लियॉइड | Nucleoid | shahana rizvi | |||||
| कोशिका भित्ति | Cell wall | shahana rizvi | |||||
| क्लोरोफिल | Chlorophyll | shahana rizvi | |||||
| खुरदारी अंतर्द्रव्यी जालिका | Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) | shahana rizvi | |||||
| गॉल्जी बॉडी | Golgi body | shahana rizvi | |||||
| चिकनी अंतर्द्रव्यी जालिका | Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | shahana rizvi | |||||
| झिल्ली | Membrane | ||||||
| थैली (पुटिका) | Bag | ||||||
| प्लाज्मा झिल्ली | Plasma membrane | shahana rizvi | |||||
| प्रोकैरियोटिक | Prokaryotic | shahana rizvi | |||||
| क्लोरोफिल | Chlorophyll | shahana rizvi | |||||
| क्रिप्टोगेम | Cryptogams | shahana rizvi | |||||
| युकैरियोटिक | Eukaryotic | shahana rizvi | |||||
| रसधानी | Vacuole | shahana rizvi | |||||
| प्लास्टिड | Plastid | repeated heading | |||||
| वर्णी लवक | Chromoplast | shahana rizvi | |||||
| बड़ी रसधानी | Large Vacuole | shahana rizvi | |||||
| कोशिका द्रव्य | Cytoplasm | shahana rizvi | |||||
| गुणसूत्र | Chromosomes | shahana rizvi | |||||
| हरितलवक | Chloroplast | ||||||
| 2 | ऊतक | Tissue | |||||
| विभज्योतक ऊतक | meristem tissue | Ekatah | |||||
| कैम्बियम | Cambium | Ekatah | |||||
| आरेखित पेशी | Unstriated muscle | Ekatah | |||||
| स्थायी ऊतक | permanent tissue | Ekatah | |||||
| सरल स्थायी ऊतक | Simple permanent tissue | Ekatah | |||||
| एरेन्काइमा | Aeranchyma | Ekatah Sharma | |||||
| क्लोरेन्काइमा ऊतक | Chlorenchyma Tissue | Ekatah | |||||
| स्क्लेरेनकाइमा | sclerenchyma | Ekatah | |||||
| पैरेन्काइमा ऊतक | parenchyma tissue | Ekatah Sharma | |||||
| एपिडर्मिस | Epidermis | Ekatah | |||||
| स्नायविक विकार | Nervous disorder | ||||||
| स्नायु | Ligament | shahana rizvi | |||||
| द्वार कोशिकाएं | Gate cells | ||||||
| जाइलम ऊतक | Xylem | shahana rizvi | |||||
| उपास्थि | Cartilage | shahana rizvi | |||||
| फ़्लोएम ऊतक | Phloem Tissue | shahana rizvi | |||||
| कोलेन्काइमा | Collenchyma | Ekatah | |||||
| जंतु ऊतक | Animal Tissue | Ekatah | |||||
| घनाकार एपिथीलियम | Cuboidal Epithelium | Ekatah | |||||
| एपिथीलियम ऊतक | Epithelial tissue | Ekatah | |||||
| कंकाल पेशियाँ | Skeletal muscles | Ekatah | |||||
| कण्डरा | Tendon | shahana rizvi | |||||
| शल्की एपिथीलियम | Squamous epithelium | Ekatah | |||||
| संयोजी ऊतक | connective tissues | Ekatah | |||||
| पेशीय ऊतक | muscle tissue | shahana rizvi | |||||
| न्यूरॉन | Neuron | Ekatah Sharma | |||||
| एक्सॉन | Axon | ||||||
| क्यूटिन | Cutin | ||||||
| डेन्ड्राइट | dendrites | Ekatah sharma | |||||
| कार्डिक पेशी | Cardiac Muscle | Ekatah | |||||
| 3 | जीवों में विविधता | Diversity in Living organisms | |||||
| वर्गीकरण | Classification | ||||||
| जैव विकास | Biological evolution | ||||||
| जगत | Kingdom | ||||||
| मोनेरा | Monera | shahana rizvi | |||||
| कवक | Fungi | shahana rizvi | |||||
| प्रोटिस्टा | Protista | shahana rizvi | |||||
| प्लांटी | Plantee | shahana rizvi | |||||
| एनिमेलिया | Animalia | shahana rizvi | |||||
| थैलोफाइटा | Thallophyta | shahana rizvi | |||||
| गण | Order | ||||||
| ब्रायोफाइटा | Bryophyta | shahana rizvi | |||||
| टेरिडोफाइटा | Pteridophyta | shahana rizvi | |||||
| जिम्नोस्पर्म | Gymnosperm | shahana rizvi | |||||
| एंजियोस्पर्म | Angiosperms | shahana rizvi | |||||
| एनिमेलिया | Animaliya | shahana rizvi | |||||
| पोरीफेरा | Porifera | shahana rizvi | |||||
| सीलेन्ट्रेटा | celantrata | shahana rizvi | |||||
| प्लेटीहेल्मिन्थेस | Platyhelminthes | Ekatah | |||||
| निमेटोडा | Nematoda | shahana rizvi | |||||
| एनेलिडा | Annelida | shahana rizvi | |||||
| आर्थ्रोपोड़ा | Arthropoda | shahana rizvi | |||||
| मोलस्का | Mollusca | Ekatah | |||||
| इकाइनोडर्मेटा | Echinodermata | Ekatah | |||||
| प्रोटोकॉर्डेटा | Protochordata | ||||||
| कशेरुकी | Vertebrates | Ekatah | |||||
| कुल | Family | ||||||
| साइक्लोस्टोमेटा | Cyclostometa | shahana rizvi | |||||
| एककोशिकीय | Unicellular | ||||||
| चपटे कृमि | Flatworm | Ekatah | |||||
| उभयचर | Amphibian | Ekatah | |||||
| सरीसृप | Reptiles | Ekatah | |||||
| असमतापी | Cold-blooded | ||||||
| नाम पद्धति | Nomenclature | shahana rizvi | |||||
| 4 | प्राकृतिक संपदा | Natural Resources | |||||
| ओज़ोन परत | Ozone layer | Ekatah Kumari | corrected and completed | कृपया उर्दू के शब्दों का प्रयोग नहीं करें जितना अधिक से अधिक हो सके हिंदी के शब्दों का प्रयोग करें जैसे मौजूद को उपस्थित लिखें, शरू को प्रारम्भ लिखें और फुल स्टॉप लगाने के बाद स्पेसिंग का भी ध्यान दें। | |||
| ऑक्सीजन-चक्र | Oxygen-cycle | shahana rizvi | |||||
| ग्रीनहाउस प्रभाव | Green House Effect | ||||||
| कार्बन चक्र | Carbon cycle | shahana rizvi | |||||
| नाइट्रोजन चक्र | Nitrogen cycle | shahana rizvi | |||||
| जल चक्र | Water Cycle | Ekatah Sharma | corrected and completed | कृपया उर्दू के शब्दों का प्रयोग नहीं करें जितना अधिक से अधिक हो सके हिंदी के शब्दों का प्रयोग करें जैसे मौजूद को उपस्थित लिखें, शरू को प्रारम्भ लिखें, पानी के स्थान पर जल का प्रयोग करें। और फुल स्टॉप लगाने के बाद स्पेसिंग का भी ध्यान दें। | |||
| वायु प्रदूषण | Air pollution | Ekatah Sharma | completed | ||||
| आर्द्रता | Humidity | shahana rizvi | |||||
| आपेक्षिक आर्द्रता | Relative Humidity | shahana rizvi | |||||
| आप्लावित | Flooding | shahana rizvi | |||||
| वर्षा | Rain | ||||||
| उपरिमृदा | top soil | shahana rizvi | |||||
| संक्रामक | Infectious | ||||||
| अपघटन | Decomposers | Ekatah | |||||
| अपघटक | Decomposers | Ekatah | |||||
| आर्द्र क्षेत्र | Wet zone | ||||||
| उत्पादक | Producers | ||||||
| कोहरा | Fog | ||||||
| उर्वरता | Fertility | ||||||
| अपरदन | Erosion | ||||||
| पवनें | The winds | shahana rizvi | |||||
| 5 | खाद्य संसाधनों में सुधार | Improvement in food resources | |||||
| अल्पपोषण | Undernutrition | ||||||
| कुक्कुट पालन | Poultry | shahana rizvi | |||||
| कीटनाशक | Pesticides | Ekatah | |||||
| कृषि कीटनाशक | Agriculture pest | Ekatah | |||||
| कृषि-वानिकी | Agroforestry | ||||||
| खरपतवार | Weeds | ||||||
| फसल चक्र | Crop Rotation | shahana rizvi | |||||
| फसल सूचकांक | Cropping index | ||||||
| फलीदार फसलें | Legumes | Ekatah | |||||
| भूजल | Ground water | ||||||
| मत्स्य पालन | Fisheries | Ekatah | |||||
| मधुमक्खी पालन | Bee keeping | shahana rizvi | |||||
| मिश्रित फसल | Mixed cropping | shahana rizvi | |||||
| मधु-वाटिका | Apiary | Ekatah | |||||
| मधु- निष्कर्षक | Honey-Extractor | ||||||
| मत्स्य-डिम्भ | Fish seed | ||||||
| मत्स्य-पालन | Fish farming | Ekatah | |||||
| मछली- संवर्धन | Cultur-fishery | ||||||
| वर्मी-खाद | Vermi-compost | ||||||
| शाकनाशी | Herbicides | ||||||
| सर्वाहारी | Omnivores |
