Taxonomy for Biology Articles-9th Class: Difference between revisions
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|'''Chapters''' | |'''Chapters''' | ||
|'''Topic''' | |'''Topic''' | ||
|'''Article Creator Name''' | |||
|'''Work Status & Date''' | |||
|'''[https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1W0E_JcTAuGojSdK8vcLmC9v91rRN0oWZOtUxlijjZBc/edit#gid=987119762 Review by IIT Kanpur]''' | |||
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|'''1''' | |'''1''' | ||
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|'''The fundamental unit of life''' | |'''The fundamental unit of life''' | ||
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|अंतर्द्रव्यी जालिका (ER) | |[[अंतर्द्रव्यी जालिका (ER)]] | ||
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|Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | |Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
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|- | |- | ||
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|लवक | |[[लवक]] | ||
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|Plastid | |Plastid | ||
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|- | |- | ||
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|अवर्णी लवक | |[[अवर्णी लवक]] | ||
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|Leucoplast | |Leucoplast | ||
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|- | |- | ||
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|केंद्रक | |[[केंद्रक]] | ||
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|Nucleus | |Nucleus | ||
|Ekatah Sharma | |||
|Completed 30/08/2023 | |||
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|- | |- | ||
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|कोशिकांग | |[[कोशिकांग]] | ||
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|Cell organelle | |Cell organelle | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
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|- | |- | ||
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|कोशिकाद्रव्य | |[[कोशिकाद्रव्य]] | ||
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|Cytoplasm | |Cytoplasm | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
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|- | |- | ||
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|न्यूक्लियॉइड | |[[न्यूक्लियॉइड]] | ||
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|Nucleoid | |Nucleoid | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
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|- | |- | ||
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|कोशिका भित्ति | |[[कोशिका भित्ति]] | ||
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|Cell wall | |Cell wall | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
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|- | |- | ||
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|क्लोरोफिल | |[[क्लोरोफिल]] | ||
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|Chlorophyll | |Chlorophyll | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
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|- | |- | ||
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|खुरदारी अंतर्द्रव्यी जालिका | |[[खुरदारी अंतर्द्रव्यी जालिका]] | ||
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|Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) | |Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
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|- | |- | ||
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|गॉल्जी बॉडी | |[[गॉल्जी बॉडी]] | ||
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|Golgi body | |Golgi body | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
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|- | |- | ||
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|चिकनी अंतर्द्रव्यी जालिका | |[[चिकनी अंतर्द्रव्यी जालिका]] | ||
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|Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | |Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
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|- | |- | ||
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|झिल्ली | |[[झिल्ली]] | ||
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|Membrane | |Membrane | ||
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|- | |- | ||
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|थैली (पुटिका) | |[[थैली (पुटिका)]] | ||
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|Bag | |Bag | ||
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|- | |- | ||
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|प्लाज्मा झिल्ली | |[[प्लाज्मा झिल्ली]] | ||
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|Plasma membrane | |Plasma membrane | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
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|- | |- | ||
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|प्रोकैरियोटिक | |[[प्रोकैरियोटिक]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Prokaryotic | |Prokaryotic | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
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|- | |- | ||
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|क्लोरोफिल | |[[क्लोरोफिल]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Chlorophyll | |Chlorophyll | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
| | |||
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|- | |- | ||
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|क्रिप्टोगेम | |[[क्रिप्टोगेम]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Cryptogams | |Cryptogams | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
| | |||
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|- | |- | ||
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|युकैरियोटिक | |[[युकैरियोटिक]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Eukaryotic | |Eukaryotic | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
| | |||
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|- | |- | ||
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|रसधानी | |[[रसधानी]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Vacuole | |Vacuole | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
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|- | |- | ||
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|प्लास्टिड | |[[प्लास्टिड]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Plastid | |Plastid | ||
|repeated heading | |||
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|- | |- | ||
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| | |[[वर्णी लवक]] | ||
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|Chromoplast | |Chromoplast | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
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|बड़ी रसधानी | |[[बड़ी रसधानी]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Large Vacuole | |Large Vacuole | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
| | |||
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|- | |- | ||
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|कोशिका द्रव्य | |[[कोशिका द्रव्य]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Cytoplasm | |Cytoplasm | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
| | |||
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|- | |- | ||
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|गुणसूत्र | |[[गुणसूत्र]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Chromosomes | |Chromosomes | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
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|- | |- | ||
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|हरितलवक | |[[हरितलवक]] | ||
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|Chloroplast | |Chloroplast | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|'''2''' | |'''2''' | ||
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|'''Tissue''' | |'''Tissue''' | ||
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|- | |- | ||
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|विभज्योतक ऊतक | |[[विभज्योतक ऊतक]] | ||
| | | | ||
|meristem tissue | |meristem tissue | ||
|Ekatah | |||
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|- | |- | ||
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|कैम्बियम | |[[कैम्बियम]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Cambium | |Cambium | ||
|Ekatah | |||
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|- | |- | ||
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|आरेखित पेशी | |[[आरेखित पेशी]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Unstriated muscle | |Unstriated muscle | ||
|Ekatah | |||
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|- | |- | ||
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|स्थायी ऊतक | |[[स्थायी ऊतक]] | ||
| | | | ||
|permanent tissue | |permanent tissue | ||
|Ekatah | |||
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|- | |- | ||
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| | | | ||
|सरल स्थायी ऊतक | |[[सरल स्थायी ऊतक]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Simple permanent tissue | |Simple permanent tissue | ||
|Ekatah | |||
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|- | |- | ||
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|एरेन्काइमा | |[[एरेन्काइमा]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Aeranchyma | |Aeranchyma | ||
|Ekatah Sharma | |||
| | |||
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|- | |- | ||
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|क्लोरेन्काइमा ऊतक | |[[क्लोरेन्काइमा ऊतक]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Chlorenchyma Tissue | |Chlorenchyma Tissue | ||
|Ekatah | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|स्क्लेरेनकाइमा | |[[स्क्लेरेनकाइमा]] | ||
| | | | ||
|sclerenchyma | |sclerenchyma | ||
|Ekatah | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
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|पैरेन्काइमा ऊतक | |[[पैरेन्काइमा ऊतक]] | ||
| | | | ||
|parenchyma tissue | |parenchyma tissue | ||
|Ekatah Sharma | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|एपिडर्मिस | |[[एपिडर्मिस]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Epidermis | |Epidermis | ||
|Ekatah | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
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|स्नायविक विकार | |[[स्नायविक विकार]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Nervous disorder | |Nervous disorder | ||
| | |||
| | |||
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|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|स्नायु | |[[स्नायु]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Ligament | |Ligament | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
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|द्वार कोशिकाएं | |[[द्वार कोशिकाएं]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Gate cells | |Gate cells | ||
| | |||
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|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
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|जाइलम ऊतक | |[[जाइलम ऊतक]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Xylem | |Xylem | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
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|उपास्थि | |[[उपास्थि]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Cartilage | |Cartilage | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|फ़्लोएम ऊतक | |[[फ़्लोएम ऊतक]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Phloem Tissue | |Phloem Tissue | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
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|कोलेन्काइमा | |[[कोलेन्काइमा]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Collenchyma | |Collenchyma | ||
|Ekatah | |||
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|- | |- | ||
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|जंतु ऊतक | |[[जंतु ऊतक]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Animal Tissue | |Animal Tissue | ||
|Ekatah | |||
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|- | |- | ||
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|घनाकार एपिथीलियम | |[[घनाकार एपिथीलियम]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Cuboidal Epithelium | |Cuboidal Epithelium | ||
|Ekatah | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
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|एपिथीलियम ऊतक | |[[एपिथीलियम ऊतक]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Epithelial tissue | |Epithelial tissue | ||
|Ekatah | |||
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| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
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|कंकाल पेशियाँ | |[[कंकाल पेशियाँ]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Skeletal muscles | |Skeletal muscles | ||
|Ekatah | |||
| | |||
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|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
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|कण्डरा | |[[कण्डरा]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Tendon | |Tendon | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|शल्की एपिथीलियम | |[[शल्की एपिथीलियम]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Squamous epithelium | |Squamous epithelium | ||
|Ekatah | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|संयोजी ऊतक | |[[संयोजी ऊतक]] | ||
| | | | ||
|connective tissues | |connective tissues | ||
|Ekatah | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|पेशीय ऊतक | |[[पेशीय ऊतक]] | ||
| | | | ||
|muscle tissue | |muscle tissue | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
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|न्यूरॉन | |[[न्यूरॉन]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Neuron | |Neuron | ||
|Ekatah Sharma | |||
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|- | |- | ||
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|एक्सॉन | |[[एक्सॉन]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Axon | |Axon | ||
| | |||
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|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
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|क्यूटिन | |[[क्यूटिन]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Cutin | |Cutin | ||
| | |||
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|- | |- | ||
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|डेन्ड्राइट | |[[डेन्ड्राइट]] | ||
| | | | ||
|dendrites | |dendrites | ||
|Ekatah sharma | |||
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|- | |- | ||
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|कार्डिक पेशी | |[[कार्डिक पेशी]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Cardiac Muscle | |Cardiac Muscle | ||
|Ekatah | |||
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|- | |- | ||
|'''3''' | |'''3''' | ||
Line 358: | Line 535: | ||
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|'''Diversity in Living organisms''' | |'''Diversity in Living organisms''' | ||
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|- | |- | ||
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|वर्गीकरण | |[[वर्गीकरण]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Classification | |Classification | ||
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|- | |- | ||
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|जैव विकास | |[[जैव विकास]] | ||
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|Biological evolution | |Biological evolution | ||
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|- | |- | ||
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|जगत | |[[जगत]] | ||
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|Kingdom | |Kingdom | ||
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|- | |- | ||
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|मोनेरा | |[[मोनेरा]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Monera | |Monera | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
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| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
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|कवक | |[[कवक]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Fungi | |Fungi | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|प्रोटिस्टा | |[[प्रोटिस्टा]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Protista | |Protista | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
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| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|प्लांटी | |[[प्लांटी]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Plantee | |Plantee | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|एनिमेलिया | |[[एनिमेलिया]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Animalia | |Animalia | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|थैलोफाइटा | |[[थैलोफाइटा]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Thallophyta | |Thallophyta | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
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|गण | |[[गण]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Order | |Order | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
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|ब्रायोफाइटा | |[[ब्रायोफाइटा]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Bryophyta | |Bryophyta | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|टेरिडोफाइटा | |[[टेरिडोफाइटा]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Pteridophyta | |Pteridophyta | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|जिम्नोस्पर्म | |[[जिम्नोस्पर्म]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Gymnosperm | |Gymnosperm | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|एंजियोस्पर्म | |[[एंजियोस्पर्म]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Angiosperms | |Angiosperms | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|एनिमेलिया | |[[एनिमेलिया]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Animaliya | |Animaliya | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|पोरीफेरा | |[[पोरीफेरा]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Porifera | |Porifera | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|सीलेन्ट्रेटा | |[[सीलेन्ट्रेटा]] | ||
| | | | ||
|celantrata | |celantrata | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|प्लेटीहेल्मिन्थेस | |[[प्लेटीहेल्मिन्थेस]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Platyhelminthes | |Platyhelminthes | ||
|Ekatah | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|निमेटोडा | |[[निमेटोडा]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Nematoda | |Nematoda | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|एनेलिडा | |[[एनेलिडा]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Annelida | |Annelida | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|आर्थ्रोपोड़ा | |[[आर्थ्रोपोड़ा]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Arthropoda | |Arthropoda | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|मोलस्का | |[[मोलस्का]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Mollusca | |Mollusca | ||
|Ekatah | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|इकाइनोडर्मेटा | |[[इकाइनोडर्मेटा]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Echinodermata | |Echinodermata | ||
|Ekatah | |||
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|- | |- | ||
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|प्रोटोकॉर्डेटा | |[[प्रोटोकॉर्डेटा]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Protochordata | |Protochordata | ||
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|- | |- | ||
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|कशेरुकी | |[[कशेरुकी]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Vertebrates | |Vertebrates | ||
|Ekatah | |||
| | |||
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|- | |- | ||
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|कुल | |[[कुल]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Family | |Family | ||
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|- | |- | ||
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|साइक्लोस्टोमेटा | |[[साइक्लोस्टोमेटा]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Cyclostometa | |Cyclostometa | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
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| | |||
|- | |- | ||
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|एककोशिकीय | |[[एककोशिकीय]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Unicellular | |Unicellular | ||
| | |||
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|- | |- | ||
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|चपटे कृमि | |[[चपटे कृमि]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Flatworm | |Flatworm | ||
|Ekatah | |||
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|- | |- | ||
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|उभयचर | |[[उभयचर]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Amphibian | |Amphibian | ||
|Ekatah | |||
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| | |||
|- | |- | ||
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|सरीसृप | |[[सरीसृप]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Reptiles | |Reptiles | ||
|Ekatah | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
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| | | | ||
|असमतापी | |[[असमतापी]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Cold-blooded | |Cold-blooded | ||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
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| | | | ||
|नाम पद्धति | |[[नाम पद्धति]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Nomenclature | |Nomenclature | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|'''4''' | |'''4''' | ||
Line 562: | Line 841: | ||
| | | | ||
|'''Natural Resources''' | |'''Natural Resources''' | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|ओज़ोन | |[[ओज़ोन परत]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Ozone layer | |Ozone layer | ||
|Ekatah Kumari | |||
|corrected and completed | |||
|कृपया उर्दू के शब्दों का प्रयोग नहीं करें जितना अधिक से अधिक हो सके हिंदी के शब्दों का प्रयोग करें जैसे मौजूद को उपस्थित लिखें, शरू को प्रारम्भ लिखें और फुल स्टॉप लगाने के बाद स्पेसिंग का भी ध्यान दें। | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|ऑक्सीजन-चक्र | |[[ऑक्सीजन-चक्र]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Oxygen-cycle | |Oxygen-cycle | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|ग्रीनहाउस प्रभाव | |[[ग्रीनहाउस प्रभाव]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Green House Effect | |Green House Effect | ||
| | |||
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|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|कार्बन चक्र | |[[कार्बन चक्र]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Carbon cycle | |Carbon cycle | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|नाइट्रोजन चक्र | |[[नाइट्रोजन चक्र]] | ||
| | |||
|Nitrogen cycle | |||
|shahana rizvi | |||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|जल चक्र | |[[जल चक्र]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Water Cycle | |Water Cycle | ||
|Ekatah Sharma | |||
|corrected and completed | |||
|कृपया उर्दू के शब्दों का प्रयोग नहीं करें जितना अधिक से अधिक हो सके हिंदी के शब्दों का प्रयोग करें जैसे मौजूद को उपस्थित लिखें, शरू को प्रारम्भ लिखें, पानी के स्थान पर जल का प्रयोग करें। और फुल स्टॉप लगाने के बाद स्पेसिंग का भी ध्यान दें। | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|वायु प्रदूषण | |[[वायु प्रदूषण]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Air pollution | |Air pollution | ||
|Ekatah Sharma | |||
|completed | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|आर्द्रता | |[[आर्द्रता]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Humidity | |Humidity | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|आपेक्षिक आर्द्रता | |[[आपेक्षिक आर्द्रता]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Relative Humidity | |Relative Humidity | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|आप्लावित | |[[आप्लावित]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Flooding | |Flooding | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|वर्षा | |[[वर्षा]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Rain | |Rain | ||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|उपरिमृदा | |[[उपरिमृदा]] | ||
| | | | ||
|top soil | |top soil | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|संक्रामक | |[[संक्रामक]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Infectious | |Infectious | ||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|अपघटन | |[[अपघटन]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Decomposers | |Decomposers | ||
|Ekatah | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|अपघटक | |[[अपघटक]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Decomposers | |Decomposers | ||
|Ekatah | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|आर्द्र क्षेत्र | |[[आर्द्र क्षेत्र]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Wet zone | |Wet zone | ||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|उत्पादक | |[[उत्पादक]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Producers | |Producers | ||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|कोहरा | |[[कोहरा]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Fog | |Fog | ||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|उर्वरता | |[[उर्वरता]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Fertility | |Fertility | ||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|अपरदन | |[[अपरदन]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Erosion | |Erosion | ||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|पवनें | |[[पवनें]] | ||
| | | | ||
|The winds | |The winds | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|'''5''' | |'''5''' | ||
Line 694: | Line 1,039: | ||
| | | | ||
|'''Improvement in food resources''' | |'''Improvement in food resources''' | ||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|अल्पपोषण | |[[अल्पपोषण]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Undernutrition | |Undernutrition | ||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|कुक्कुट पालन | |[[कुक्कुट पालन]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Poultry | |Poultry | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|कीटनाशक | |[[कीटनाशक]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Pesticides | |Pesticides | ||
|Ekatah | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|कृषि कीटनाशक | |[[कृषि कीटनाशक]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Agriculture pest | |Agriculture pest | ||
|Ekatah | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|कृषि-वानिकी | |[[कृषि-वानिकी]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Agroforestry | |Agroforestry | ||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|खरपतवार | |[[खरपतवार]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Weeds | |Weeds | ||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|फसल चक्र | |[[फसल चक्र]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Crop Rotation | |Crop Rotation | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|फसल सूचकांक | |[[फसल सूचकांक]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Cropping index | |Cropping index | ||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|फलीदार फसलें | |[[फलीदार फसलें]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Legumes | |Legumes | ||
|Ekatah | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|भूजल | |[[भूजल]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Ground water | |Ground water | ||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|मत्स्य पालन | |[[मत्स्य पालन]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Fisheries | |Fisheries | ||
|Ekatah | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|मधुमक्खी पालन | |[[मधुमक्खी पालन]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Bee keeping | |Bee keeping | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|मिश्रित फसल | |[[मिश्रित फसल]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Mixed cropping | |Mixed cropping | ||
|shahana rizvi | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|मधु-वाटिका | |[[मधु-वाटिका]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Apiary | |Apiary | ||
|Ekatah | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|मधु- निष्कर्षक | |[[मधु- निष्कर्षक]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Honey-Extractor | |Honey-Extractor | ||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|मत्स्य-डिम्भ | |[[मत्स्य-डिम्भ]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Fish seed | |Fish seed | ||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|मत्स्य-पालन | |[[मत्स्य-पालन]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Fish farming | |Fish farming | ||
|Ekatah | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|मछली- संवर्धन | |[[मछली- संवर्धन]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Cultur-fishery | |Cultur-fishery | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|वर्मी-खाद | |[[वर्मी-खाद]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Vermi-compost | |Vermi-compost | ||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|शाकनाशी | |[[शाकनाशी]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Herbicides | |Herbicides | ||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|सर्वाहारी | |[[सर्वाहारी]] | ||
| | | | ||
|Omnivores | |Omnivores | ||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|} | |} | ||
[[Category:Information]] |
Latest revision as of 12:26, 29 October 2023
S.No | अध्याय | विषय | Chapters | Topic | Article Creator Name | Work Status & Date | Review by IIT Kanpur |
1 | जीवन की मौलिक इकाई | The fundamental unit of life | |||||
अंतर्द्रव्यी जालिका (ER) | Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | shahana rizvi | |||||
लवक | Plastid | ||||||
अवर्णी लवक | Leucoplast | ||||||
केंद्रक | Nucleus | Ekatah Sharma | Completed 30/08/2023 | ||||
कोशिकांग | Cell organelle | shahana rizvi | |||||
कोशिकाद्रव्य | Cytoplasm | shahana rizvi | |||||
न्यूक्लियॉइड | Nucleoid | shahana rizvi | |||||
कोशिका भित्ति | Cell wall | shahana rizvi | |||||
क्लोरोफिल | Chlorophyll | shahana rizvi | |||||
खुरदारी अंतर्द्रव्यी जालिका | Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) | shahana rizvi | |||||
गॉल्जी बॉडी | Golgi body | shahana rizvi | |||||
चिकनी अंतर्द्रव्यी जालिका | Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | shahana rizvi | |||||
झिल्ली | Membrane | ||||||
थैली (पुटिका) | Bag | ||||||
प्लाज्मा झिल्ली | Plasma membrane | shahana rizvi | |||||
प्रोकैरियोटिक | Prokaryotic | shahana rizvi | |||||
क्लोरोफिल | Chlorophyll | shahana rizvi | |||||
क्रिप्टोगेम | Cryptogams | shahana rizvi | |||||
युकैरियोटिक | Eukaryotic | shahana rizvi | |||||
रसधानी | Vacuole | shahana rizvi | |||||
प्लास्टिड | Plastid | repeated heading | |||||
वर्णी लवक | Chromoplast | shahana rizvi | |||||
बड़ी रसधानी | Large Vacuole | shahana rizvi | |||||
कोशिका द्रव्य | Cytoplasm | shahana rizvi | |||||
गुणसूत्र | Chromosomes | shahana rizvi | |||||
हरितलवक | Chloroplast | ||||||
2 | ऊतक | Tissue | |||||
विभज्योतक ऊतक | meristem tissue | Ekatah | |||||
कैम्बियम | Cambium | Ekatah | |||||
आरेखित पेशी | Unstriated muscle | Ekatah | |||||
स्थायी ऊतक | permanent tissue | Ekatah | |||||
सरल स्थायी ऊतक | Simple permanent tissue | Ekatah | |||||
एरेन्काइमा | Aeranchyma | Ekatah Sharma | |||||
क्लोरेन्काइमा ऊतक | Chlorenchyma Tissue | Ekatah | |||||
स्क्लेरेनकाइमा | sclerenchyma | Ekatah | |||||
पैरेन्काइमा ऊतक | parenchyma tissue | Ekatah Sharma | |||||
एपिडर्मिस | Epidermis | Ekatah | |||||
स्नायविक विकार | Nervous disorder | ||||||
स्नायु | Ligament | shahana rizvi | |||||
द्वार कोशिकाएं | Gate cells | ||||||
जाइलम ऊतक | Xylem | shahana rizvi | |||||
उपास्थि | Cartilage | shahana rizvi | |||||
फ़्लोएम ऊतक | Phloem Tissue | shahana rizvi | |||||
कोलेन्काइमा | Collenchyma | Ekatah | |||||
जंतु ऊतक | Animal Tissue | Ekatah | |||||
घनाकार एपिथीलियम | Cuboidal Epithelium | Ekatah | |||||
एपिथीलियम ऊतक | Epithelial tissue | Ekatah | |||||
कंकाल पेशियाँ | Skeletal muscles | Ekatah | |||||
कण्डरा | Tendon | shahana rizvi | |||||
शल्की एपिथीलियम | Squamous epithelium | Ekatah | |||||
संयोजी ऊतक | connective tissues | Ekatah | |||||
पेशीय ऊतक | muscle tissue | shahana rizvi | |||||
न्यूरॉन | Neuron | Ekatah Sharma | |||||
एक्सॉन | Axon | ||||||
क्यूटिन | Cutin | ||||||
डेन्ड्राइट | dendrites | Ekatah sharma | |||||
कार्डिक पेशी | Cardiac Muscle | Ekatah | |||||
3 | जीवों में विविधता | Diversity in Living organisms | |||||
वर्गीकरण | Classification | ||||||
जैव विकास | Biological evolution | ||||||
जगत | Kingdom | ||||||
मोनेरा | Monera | shahana rizvi | |||||
कवक | Fungi | shahana rizvi | |||||
प्रोटिस्टा | Protista | shahana rizvi | |||||
प्लांटी | Plantee | shahana rizvi | |||||
एनिमेलिया | Animalia | shahana rizvi | |||||
थैलोफाइटा | Thallophyta | shahana rizvi | |||||
गण | Order | ||||||
ब्रायोफाइटा | Bryophyta | shahana rizvi | |||||
टेरिडोफाइटा | Pteridophyta | shahana rizvi | |||||
जिम्नोस्पर्म | Gymnosperm | shahana rizvi | |||||
एंजियोस्पर्म | Angiosperms | shahana rizvi | |||||
एनिमेलिया | Animaliya | shahana rizvi | |||||
पोरीफेरा | Porifera | shahana rizvi | |||||
सीलेन्ट्रेटा | celantrata | shahana rizvi | |||||
प्लेटीहेल्मिन्थेस | Platyhelminthes | Ekatah | |||||
निमेटोडा | Nematoda | shahana rizvi | |||||
एनेलिडा | Annelida | shahana rizvi | |||||
आर्थ्रोपोड़ा | Arthropoda | shahana rizvi | |||||
मोलस्का | Mollusca | Ekatah | |||||
इकाइनोडर्मेटा | Echinodermata | Ekatah | |||||
प्रोटोकॉर्डेटा | Protochordata | ||||||
कशेरुकी | Vertebrates | Ekatah | |||||
कुल | Family | ||||||
साइक्लोस्टोमेटा | Cyclostometa | shahana rizvi | |||||
एककोशिकीय | Unicellular | ||||||
चपटे कृमि | Flatworm | Ekatah | |||||
उभयचर | Amphibian | Ekatah | |||||
सरीसृप | Reptiles | Ekatah | |||||
असमतापी | Cold-blooded | ||||||
नाम पद्धति | Nomenclature | shahana rizvi | |||||
4 | प्राकृतिक संपदा | Natural Resources | |||||
ओज़ोन परत | Ozone layer | Ekatah Kumari | corrected and completed | कृपया उर्दू के शब्दों का प्रयोग नहीं करें जितना अधिक से अधिक हो सके हिंदी के शब्दों का प्रयोग करें जैसे मौजूद को उपस्थित लिखें, शरू को प्रारम्भ लिखें और फुल स्टॉप लगाने के बाद स्पेसिंग का भी ध्यान दें। | |||
ऑक्सीजन-चक्र | Oxygen-cycle | shahana rizvi | |||||
ग्रीनहाउस प्रभाव | Green House Effect | ||||||
कार्बन चक्र | Carbon cycle | shahana rizvi | |||||
नाइट्रोजन चक्र | Nitrogen cycle | shahana rizvi | |||||
जल चक्र | Water Cycle | Ekatah Sharma | corrected and completed | कृपया उर्दू के शब्दों का प्रयोग नहीं करें जितना अधिक से अधिक हो सके हिंदी के शब्दों का प्रयोग करें जैसे मौजूद को उपस्थित लिखें, शरू को प्रारम्भ लिखें, पानी के स्थान पर जल का प्रयोग करें। और फुल स्टॉप लगाने के बाद स्पेसिंग का भी ध्यान दें। | |||
वायु प्रदूषण | Air pollution | Ekatah Sharma | completed | ||||
आर्द्रता | Humidity | shahana rizvi | |||||
आपेक्षिक आर्द्रता | Relative Humidity | shahana rizvi | |||||
आप्लावित | Flooding | shahana rizvi | |||||
वर्षा | Rain | ||||||
उपरिमृदा | top soil | shahana rizvi | |||||
संक्रामक | Infectious | ||||||
अपघटन | Decomposers | Ekatah | |||||
अपघटक | Decomposers | Ekatah | |||||
आर्द्र क्षेत्र | Wet zone | ||||||
उत्पादक | Producers | ||||||
कोहरा | Fog | ||||||
उर्वरता | Fertility | ||||||
अपरदन | Erosion | ||||||
पवनें | The winds | shahana rizvi | |||||
5 | खाद्य संसाधनों में सुधार | Improvement in food resources | |||||
अल्पपोषण | Undernutrition | ||||||
कुक्कुट पालन | Poultry | shahana rizvi | |||||
कीटनाशक | Pesticides | Ekatah | |||||
कृषि कीटनाशक | Agriculture pest | Ekatah | |||||
कृषि-वानिकी | Agroforestry | ||||||
खरपतवार | Weeds | ||||||
फसल चक्र | Crop Rotation | shahana rizvi | |||||
फसल सूचकांक | Cropping index | ||||||
फलीदार फसलें | Legumes | Ekatah | |||||
भूजल | Ground water | ||||||
मत्स्य पालन | Fisheries | Ekatah | |||||
मधुमक्खी पालन | Bee keeping | shahana rizvi | |||||
मिश्रित फसल | Mixed cropping | shahana rizvi | |||||
मधु-वाटिका | Apiary | Ekatah | |||||
मधु- निष्कर्षक | Honey-Extractor | ||||||
मत्स्य-डिम्भ | Fish seed | ||||||
मत्स्य-पालन | Fish farming | Ekatah | |||||
मछली- संवर्धन | Cultur-fishery | ||||||
वर्मी-खाद | Vermi-compost | ||||||
शाकनाशी | Herbicides | ||||||
सर्वाहारी | Omnivores |