Taxonomy for Biology Articles-10th Class: Difference between revisions
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|'''अध्याय''' | |'''अध्याय''' | ||
|'''विषय''' | |'''विषय''' | ||
|Editor's name | |||
|'''Chapters''' | |'''Chapters''' | ||
|'''Topic''' | |'''Topic''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''1''' | |'''1''' | ||
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Line 15: | Line 17: | ||
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|[[सजीव]] | |[[सजीव]] | ||
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|Living | |Living | ||
Line 21: | Line 24: | ||
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|[[निर्जीव]] | |[[निर्जीव]] | ||
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|Nonliving | |Nonliving | ||
Line 27: | Line 31: | ||
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|[[जैव प्रक्रम]] | |[[जैव प्रक्रम]] | ||
| | |||
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|Biological process | |Biological process | ||
Line 33: | Line 38: | ||
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|[[श्वसन]] | |[[श्वसन]] | ||
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|Respiration | |Respiration | ||
Line 39: | Line 45: | ||
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|[[उत्सर्जन]] | |[[उत्सर्जन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|excretion | |excretion | ||
Line 45: | Line 52: | ||
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|[[पोषण]] | |[[पोषण]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Nutrition | |Nutrition | ||
Line 51: | Line 59: | ||
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|[[एंजाइम]] | |[[एंजाइम]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Enzyme | |Enzyme | ||
Line 57: | Line 66: | ||
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|[[संवहन बंडल]] | |[[संवहन बंडल]] | ||
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|Vascular Bundle | |Vascular Bundle | ||
Line 63: | Line 73: | ||
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|[[क्लोरोप्लास्ट]] | |[[क्लोरोप्लास्ट]] | ||
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|chloroplast | |chloroplast | ||
Line 69: | Line 80: | ||
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|[[द्वार कोशिकाएं]] | |[[द्वार कोशिकाएं]] | ||
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|Gate cells | |Gate cells | ||
Line 75: | Line 87: | ||
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|[[रन्ध्र]] | |[[रन्ध्र]] | ||
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|Stomata | |Stomata | ||
Line 81: | Line 94: | ||
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|[[लार ग्रंथि]] | |[[लार ग्रंथि]] | ||
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|Salivary gland | |Salivary gland | ||
Line 87: | Line 101: | ||
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|[[एंजाइम]] | |[[एंजाइम]] | ||
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|Enzyme | |Enzyme | ||
Line 93: | Line 108: | ||
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|[[दन्त क्षरण]] | |[[दन्त क्षरण]] | ||
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|Tooth decay | |Tooth decay | ||
Line 99: | Line 115: | ||
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|[[ए.टी.पी]] | |[[ए.टी.पी]] | ||
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|ATP | |ATP | ||
Line 105: | Line 122: | ||
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|[[वाष्पोत्सर्जन]] | |[[वाष्पोत्सर्जन]] | ||
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|Transpiration | |Transpiration | ||
Line 111: | Line 129: | ||
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|[[श्वसन]] | |[[श्वसन]] | ||
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|Respiration | |Respiration | ||
Line 117: | Line 136: | ||
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|[[वहन तंत्र]] | |[[वहन तंत्र]] | ||
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|Transportation system | |Transportation system | ||
Line 123: | Line 143: | ||
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|[[हृदय]] | |[[हृदय]] | ||
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|Heart | |Heart | ||
Line 129: | Line 150: | ||
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|[[रक्त-दाब]] | |[[रक्त-दाब]] | ||
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|Blood pressure | |Blood pressure | ||
Line 135: | Line 157: | ||
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|[[कुपिका]] | |[[कुपिका]] | ||
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|Alveoli | |Alveoli | ||
Line 141: | Line 164: | ||
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|[[नलिकाएँ- रुधिर वाहिकाएँ]] | |[[नलिकाएँ- रुधिर वाहिकाएँ]] | ||
| | |||
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|capillaries - blood vessels | |capillaries - blood vessels | ||
Line 147: | Line 171: | ||
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|[[प्लेटलेट्स]] | |[[प्लेटलेट्स]] | ||
| | |||
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|Platelets | |Platelets | ||
Line 153: | Line 178: | ||
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|[[लसीका]] | |[[लसीका]] | ||
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|lymph | |lymph | ||
Line 159: | Line 185: | ||
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|[[पादपों में परिवहन]] | |[[पादपों में परिवहन]] | ||
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|Transport in plants | |Transport in plants | ||
Line 165: | Line 192: | ||
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|[[वृक्क]] | |[[वृक्क]] | ||
| | |||
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|Kidney | |Kidney | ||
Line 171: | Line 199: | ||
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|[[कृत्रिम वृक्क]] | |[[कृत्रिम वृक्क]] | ||
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|Artificial kidney | |Artificial kidney | ||
Line 177: | Line 206: | ||
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|[[अपोहन]] | |[[अपोहन]] | ||
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|Dialysis | |Dialysis | ||
Line 183: | Line 213: | ||
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|[[वृक्काणु]] | |[[वृक्काणु]] | ||
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|Nephron | |Nephron | ||
Line 189: | Line 220: | ||
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|[[अंगदान]] | |[[अंगदान]] | ||
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|Organ donation | |Organ donation | ||
Line 195: | Line 227: | ||
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|[[परिसंचरण तंत्र]] | |[[परिसंचरण तंत्र]] | ||
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|Circulatory system | |Circulatory system | ||
Line 201: | Line 234: | ||
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|[[हीमोग्लोबिन]] | |[[हीमोग्लोबिन]] | ||
| | |||
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|Hemoglobin | |Hemoglobin | ||
Line 207: | Line 241: | ||
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|[[रुधिर]] | |[[रुधिर]] | ||
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|Blood | |Blood | ||
Line 213: | Line 248: | ||
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|[[रुधिर वाहिकाएं]] | |[[रुधिर वाहिकाएं]] | ||
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|Blood vessels | |Blood vessels | ||
Line 219: | Line 255: | ||
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|[[उच्च रक्तचाप]] | |[[उच्च रक्तचाप]] | ||
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|Hypertension | |Hypertension | ||
Line 225: | Line 262: | ||
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|[[पित्ताशय]] | |[[पित्ताशय]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Gallbladder | |Gallbladder | ||
Line 231: | Line 269: | ||
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|[[पित्त रस]] | |[[पित्त रस]] | ||
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|Bile Juice | |Bile Juice | ||
Line 237: | Line 276: | ||
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|[[अनुशिथिलन]] | |[[अनुशिथिलन]] | ||
| | |||
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|Diastole | |Diastole | ||
Line 243: | Line 283: | ||
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|[[प्रकुंचन]] | |[[प्रकुंचन]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Systole | |Systole | ||
Line 249: | Line 290: | ||
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|[[अलिंद]] | |[[अलिंद]] | ||
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|Atrium | |Atrium | ||
Line 255: | Line 297: | ||
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|[[प्रकाश संश्लेषण]] | |[[प्रकाश संश्लेषण]] | ||
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|Photosynthesis | |Photosynthesis | ||
Line 261: | Line 304: | ||
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|[[फेफड़े]] | |[[फेफड़े]] | ||
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|Lungs | |Lungs | ||
Line 267: | Line 311: | ||
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|[[फुफ्फुसीय शिराएँ]] | |[[फुफ्फुसीय शिराएँ]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Pulmonary veins | |Pulmonary veins | ||
Line 273: | Line 318: | ||
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|[[धमनी]] | |[[धमनी]] | ||
| | |||
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|Artery | |Artery | ||
Line 279: | Line 325: | ||
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|[[महाधमनी]] | |[[महाधमनी]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Aorta | |Aorta | ||
Line 285: | Line 332: | ||
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|[[मूत्रमार्ग]] | |[[मूत्रमार्ग]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Urethra | |Urethra | ||
Line 291: | Line 339: | ||
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|[[मूत्रवाहिनी]] | |[[मूत्रवाहिनी]] | ||
| | |||
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|Ureter | |Ureter | ||
Line 297: | Line 346: | ||
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|[[यकृत]] | |[[यकृत]] | ||
| | |||
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|Liver | |Liver | ||
Line 303: | Line 353: | ||
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|[[श्वसनी]] | |[[श्वसनी]] | ||
| | |||
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|Bronchi | |Bronchi | ||
Line 309: | Line 360: | ||
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|[[शिरा]] | |[[शिरा]] | ||
| | |||
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|Vein | |Vein | ||
Line 315: | Line 367: | ||
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|[[महाशिरा]] | |[[महाशिरा]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Vena cava | |Vena cava | ||
Line 321: | Line 374: | ||
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|[[श्वासनली]] | |[[श्वासनली]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Trachea | |Trachea | ||
Line 326: | Line 380: | ||
|'''2''' | |'''2''' | ||
|'''नियंत्रण एवं समन्वय''' | |'''नियंत्रण एवं समन्वय''' | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|'''Control and coordination''' | |'''Control and coordination''' | ||
Line 333: | Line 388: | ||
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|[[अग्न्याशय]] | |[[अग्न्याशय]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Pancreas | |Pancreas | ||
Line 339: | Line 395: | ||
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|[[अग्रमस्तिष्क]] | |[[अग्रमस्तिष्क]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Forebrain | |Forebrain | ||
Line 345: | Line 402: | ||
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|[[अनुमस्तिष्क]] | |[[अनुमस्तिष्क]] | ||
| | |||
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|Cerebellum | |Cerebellum | ||
Line 351: | Line 409: | ||
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|[[आंत्र रस]] | |[[आंत्र रस]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|intestinal juice | |intestinal juice | ||
Line 357: | Line 416: | ||
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|[[आंत]] | |[[आंत]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Intestine | |Intestine | ||
Line 363: | Line 423: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[जठर ग्रंथि]] | |[[जठर ग्रंथि]] | ||
| | |||
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|Gastric Gland | |Gastric Gland | ||
Line 369: | Line 430: | ||
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|[[जठर रस]] | |[[जठर रस]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Gastric Juice | |Gastric Juice | ||
Line 375: | Line 437: | ||
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|[[तंत्रिका]] | |[[तंत्रिका]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Nerve | |Nerve | ||
Line 381: | Line 444: | ||
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|[[तंत्रिका आवेग]] | |[[तंत्रिका आवेग]] | ||
| | |||
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|Nerve Impulse | |Nerve Impulse | ||
Line 387: | Line 451: | ||
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|[[तंत्रिकाक्ष]] | |[[तंत्रिकाक्ष]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Axon | |Axon | ||
Line 393: | Line 458: | ||
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|[[मस्तिष्कावरण शोथ]] | |[[मस्तिष्कावरण शोथ]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Meningitis | |Meningitis | ||
Line 399: | Line 465: | ||
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|[[पश्च मस्तिष्क]] | |[[पश्च मस्तिष्क]] | ||
| | |||
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|Hind brain | |Hind brain | ||
Line 405: | Line 472: | ||
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|[[प्रमस्तिष्क]] | |[[प्रमस्तिष्क]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Cerebrum | |Cerebrum | ||
Line 411: | Line 479: | ||
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|[[मध्यमस्तिष्क]] | |[[मध्यमस्तिष्क]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Midbrain | |Midbrain | ||
Line 417: | Line 486: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[मस्तिष्क]] | |[[मस्तिष्क]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Brain | |Brain | ||
Line 423: | Line 493: | ||
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|[[एक्सॉन]] | |[[एक्सॉन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Axon | |Axon | ||
Line 429: | Line 500: | ||
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|[[अन्तर्ग्रथन]] | |[[अन्तर्ग्रथन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|synapse | |synapse | ||
Line 435: | Line 507: | ||
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|[[प्रतिवर्ती क्रिया]] | |[[प्रतिवर्ती क्रिया]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|reflex action | |reflex action | ||
Line 441: | Line 514: | ||
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|[[अनैच्छिक क्रिया]] | |[[अनैच्छिक क्रिया]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Involuntary action | |Involuntary action | ||
Line 447: | Line 521: | ||
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|[[ऐच्छिक क्रिया]] | |[[ऐच्छिक क्रिया]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|voluntary action | |voluntary action | ||
Line 453: | Line 528: | ||
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|[[मेरुदंड]] | |[[मेरुदंड]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Spinal cord | |Spinal cord | ||
Line 459: | Line 535: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[उद्दीपन]] | |[[उद्दीपन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Stimulus | |Stimulus | ||
Line 465: | Line 542: | ||
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|[[हार्मोन]] | |[[हार्मोन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|hormone | |hormone | ||
Line 470: | Line 548: | ||
|'''3''' | |'''3''' | ||
|'''जीव जनन कैसे करते हैं''' | |'''जीव जनन कैसे करते हैं''' | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|'''How do organisms reproduce''' | |'''How do organisms reproduce''' | ||
Line 477: | Line 556: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[अंड कोशिका]] | |[[अंड कोशिका]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Egg cell | |Egg cell | ||
Line 483: | Line 563: | ||
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|[[अंड वाहिनी]] | |[[अंड वाहिनी]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Oviduct | |Oviduct | ||
Line 489: | Line 570: | ||
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|[[अंडाशय]] | |[[अंडाशय]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Ovary | |Ovary | ||
Line 495: | Line 577: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[अंतर्जनन]] | |[[अंतर्जनन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Unbreeding | |Unbreeding | ||
Line 501: | Line 584: | ||
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|[[गर्भाशय]] | |[[गर्भाशय]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Uterus | |Uterus | ||
Line 507: | Line 591: | ||
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|[[ग्रासनली]] | |[[ग्रासनली]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Oesophagus | |Oesophagus | ||
Line 513: | Line 598: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[गर्भाशय ग्रीवा]] | |[[गर्भाशय ग्रीवा]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Cervix | |Cervix | ||
Line 519: | Line 605: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[प्रजनन]] | |[[प्रजनन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Reproduction | |Reproduction | ||
Line 525: | Line 612: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[पुनर्जनन]] | |[[पुनर्जनन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Regeneration | |Regeneration | ||
Line 531: | Line 619: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[बृहदान्त्र]] | |[[बृहदान्त्र]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Colon | |Colon | ||
Line 537: | Line 626: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[युग्मक]] | |[[युग्मक]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Gamete | |Gamete | ||
Line 543: | Line 633: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[युग्मनज]] | |[[युग्मनज]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Zygote | |Zygote | ||
Line 549: | Line 640: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[यौवनारम्भ]] | |[[यौवनारम्भ]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Puberty | |Puberty | ||
Line 555: | Line 647: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[वर्तिका]] | |[[वर्तिका]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Style | |Style | ||
Line 561: | Line 654: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[वर्तिकाग्र]] | |[[वर्तिकाग्र]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Stigro | |Stigro | ||
Line 567: | Line 661: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[वृषण]] | |[[वृषण]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Testes | |Testes | ||
Line 573: | Line 668: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[शिश्न]] | |[[शिश्न]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Penis | |Penis | ||
Line 579: | Line 675: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[शुक्रवाहिनी]] | |[[शुक्रवाहिनी]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Vas deferens | |Vas deferens | ||
Line 585: | Line 682: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[शुक्राशय]] | |[[शुक्राशय]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Seminal vesicle | |Seminal vesicle | ||
Line 591: | Line 689: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[मुकुलन]] | |[[मुकुलन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Budding | |Budding | ||
Line 597: | Line 696: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[कायिक प्रवर्धन]] | |[[कायिक प्रवर्धन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|vegetative propagation | |vegetative propagation | ||
Line 603: | Line 703: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[टेस्टोस्टेरोन]] | |[[टेस्टोस्टेरोन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Testosterone | |Testosterone | ||
Line 609: | Line 710: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[रजोधर्म]] | |[[रजोधर्म]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Menstruation | |Menstruation | ||
Line 615: | Line 717: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[निषेचन]] | |[[निषेचन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|fertilization | |fertilization | ||
Line 621: | Line 724: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[प्रोस्टेट ग्रंथि]] | |[[प्रोस्टेट ग्रंथि]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Prostate gland | |Prostate gland | ||
Line 627: | Line 731: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[गर्भनिरोधक युक्तियाँ]] | |[[गर्भनिरोधक युक्तियाँ]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Contraception Tips | |Contraception Tips | ||
Line 633: | Line 738: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[लैंगिक जनन]] | |[[लैंगिक जनन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Sexual Reproduction | |Sexual Reproduction | ||
Line 639: | Line 745: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[अलैंगिक जनन]] | |[[अलैंगिक जनन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Asexual Reproduction | |Asexual Reproduction | ||
Line 644: | Line 751: | ||
|'''4''' | |'''4''' | ||
|'''आनुवंशिकता एवं जैव विकास''' | |'''आनुवंशिकता एवं जैव विकास''' | ||
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|'''Heredity and Biological Evolution''' | |'''Heredity and Biological Evolution''' | ||
Line 651: | Line 759: | ||
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|[[आनुवंशिकता]] | |[[आनुवंशिकता]] | ||
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|Heredity | |Heredity | ||
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|[[अनुवांशिक पदार्थ]] | |[[अनुवांशिक पदार्थ]] | ||
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|Genetic Material | |Genetic Material | ||
Line 663: | Line 773: | ||
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|[[लिंग निर्धारण]] | |[[लिंग निर्धारण]] | ||
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|Sex determination | |Sex determination | ||
Line 669: | Line 780: | ||
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|[[लिंग गुणसूत्र]] | |[[लिंग गुणसूत्र]] | ||
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|Sex Chromosome | |Sex Chromosome | ||
Line 675: | Line 787: | ||
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|[[वंशानुगत लक्षण]] | |[[वंशानुगत लक्षण]] | ||
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|Inherited traits | |Inherited traits | ||
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|[[वंशागति]] | |[[वंशागति]] | ||
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|Inheritance | |Inheritance | ||
Line 687: | Line 801: | ||
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|[[मेंडल का योगदान]] | |[[मेंडल का योगदान]] | ||
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|Mendel's contribution | |Mendel's contribution | ||
Line 693: | Line 808: | ||
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|[[कर्णपाली]] | |[[कर्णपाली]] | ||
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|Ear lobe | |Ear lobe | ||
Line 699: | Line 815: | ||
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|[[उपार्जित और अनुवांशिक लक्षण]] | |[[उपार्जित और अनुवांशिक लक्षण]] | ||
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|Acquired and hereditary traits | |Acquired and hereditary traits | ||
Line 705: | Line 822: | ||
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|[[चार्ल्स रॉबर्ट डार्विन]] | |[[चार्ल्स रॉबर्ट डार्विन]] | ||
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|Charles Robert Darwin | |Charles Robert Darwin | ||
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|[[मेयर का प्रयोग]] | |[[मेयर का प्रयोग]] | ||
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|Mayor's Experiment | |Mayor's Experiment | ||
Line 717: | Line 836: | ||
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|[[प्राकृतिक चयन]] | |[[प्राकृतिक चयन]] | ||
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|Natural Selection | |Natural Selection | ||
Line 723: | Line 843: | ||
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|[[विकास]] | |[[विकास]] | ||
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|Evolution | |Evolution | ||
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|[[वर्गीकरण]] | |[[वर्गीकरण]] | ||
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|Classification | |Classification | ||
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|[[अभिलक्षण]] | |[[अभिलक्षण]] | ||
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|Characteristic | |Characteristic | ||
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|[[जीवाश्मी ईंधन]] | |[[जीवाश्मी ईंधन]] | ||
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|Fossil fuel | |Fossil fuel | ||
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|[[अप्रभावी गुण]] | |[[अप्रभावी गुण]] | ||
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|Recessive traits | |Recessive traits | ||
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|[[जीवाश्म]] | |[[जीवाश्म]] | ||
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|Fossil | |Fossil | ||
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|[[विभिन्नताएं]] | |[[विभिन्नताएं]] | ||
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|Variations | |Variations | ||
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|'''5''' | |'''5''' | ||
|'''हमारा पर्यावरण''' | |'''हमारा पर्यावरण''' | ||
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|'''Our environment''' | |'''Our environment''' | ||
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|[[पारितंत्र]] | |[[पारितंत्र]] | ||
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|Ecosystem | |Ecosystem | ||
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|[[उत्पादक]] | |[[उत्पादक]] | ||
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|Producers | |Producers | ||
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|[[उपभोक्ता]] | |[[उपभोक्ता]] | ||
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|Consumers | |Consumers | ||
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|[[खाद्य श्रृंखला]] | |[[खाद्य श्रृंखला]] | ||
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|Food Chain | |Food Chain | ||
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|[[खाद्य जाल]] | |[[खाद्य जाल]] | ||
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|Food web | |Food web | ||
Line 801: | Line 934: | ||
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|[[ओजोन परत]] | |[[ओजोन परत]] | ||
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|Ozone layer | |Ozone layer | ||
Line 807: | Line 941: | ||
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|[[अजैव निम्नीकरणीय]] | |[[अजैव निम्नीकरणीय]] | ||
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|Abiodegradation | |Abiodegradation | ||
Line 813: | Line 948: | ||
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|[[जैव प्रक्रम]] | |[[जैव प्रक्रम]] | ||
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|Biological process | |Biological process | ||
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|[[जैविक आवर्धन]] | |[[जैविक आवर्धन]] | ||
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|Biological magnification | |Biological magnification | ||
Line 825: | Line 962: | ||
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|[[अपघटक]] | |[[अपघटक]] | ||
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|Decomposers | |Decomposers | ||
Line 831: | Line 969: | ||
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|[[जैव मात्रा]] | |[[जैव मात्रा]] | ||
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|Biomass | |Biomass | ||
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|[[पारिस्थितिक]] | |[[पारिस्थितिक]] | ||
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|Ecological | |Ecological | ||
Line 843: | Line 983: | ||
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|[[समष्टि]] | |[[समष्टि]] | ||
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|Population | |Population | ||
Line 848: | Line 989: | ||
|'''6''' | |'''6''' | ||
|'''प्राकृतिक संसाधनों का संपोषित प्रबंधन''' | |'''प्राकृतिक संसाधनों का संपोषित प्रबंधन''' | ||
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|'''Sustainable management of natural resources''' | |'''Sustainable management of natural resources''' | ||
Line 855: | Line 997: | ||
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|[[विशिष्ट स्थल]] | |[[विशिष्ट स्थल]] | ||
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|Hotspots | |Hotspots | ||
Line 861: | Line 1,004: | ||
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|[[संपोषित प्रबंधन]] | |[[संपोषित प्रबंधन]] | ||
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|Sustainable management | |Sustainable management | ||
Line 867: | Line 1,011: | ||
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|[[अनवीकरणीय]] | |[[अनवीकरणीय]] | ||
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|Non-renewable | |Non-renewable | ||
Line 873: | Line 1,018: | ||
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|[[अनुपचारित मल]] | |[[अनुपचारित मल]] | ||
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|Untreated sewage | |Untreated sewage | ||
Line 879: | Line 1,025: | ||
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|[[अपमार्जक(जीव विज्ञान )]] | |[[अपमार्जक(जीव विज्ञान )]] | ||
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|Detergent | |Detergent | ||
Line 885: | Line 1,032: | ||
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|[[एंटीबायोटिक]] | |[[एंटीबायोटिक]] | ||
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|Antibiotics | |Antibiotics | ||
Line 891: | Line 1,039: | ||
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|[[प्रयोज्य]] | |[[प्रयोज्य]] | ||
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|Disposable | |Disposable | ||
Line 897: | Line 1,046: | ||
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|[[प्रदूषित]] | |[[प्रदूषित]] | ||
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|Polluted | |Polluted | ||
Line 903: | Line 1,053: | ||
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|[[संदूषण]] | |[[संदूषण]] | ||
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|Contamination | |Contamination | ||
Line 909: | Line 1,060: | ||
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|[[प्राकृतिक संसाधन]] | |[[प्राकृतिक संसाधन]] | ||
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|Natural resources | |Natural resources | ||
Line 915: | Line 1,067: | ||
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|[[चिपको आंदोलन]] | |[[चिपको आंदोलन]] | ||
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|chipko movement | |chipko movement | ||
|- | |- | ||
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Revision as of 14:23, 7 April 2023
S.No | अध्याय | विषय | Editor's name | Chapters | Topic |
1 | Biological process | ||||
सजीव | Living | ||||
निर्जीव | Nonliving | ||||
जैव प्रक्रम | Biological process | ||||
श्वसन | Respiration | ||||
उत्सर्जन | excretion | ||||
पोषण | Nutrition | ||||
एंजाइम | Enzyme | ||||
संवहन बंडल | Vascular Bundle | ||||
क्लोरोप्लास्ट | chloroplast | ||||
द्वार कोशिकाएं | Gate cells | ||||
रन्ध्र | Stomata | ||||
लार ग्रंथि | Salivary gland | ||||
एंजाइम | Enzyme | ||||
दन्त क्षरण | Tooth decay | ||||
ए.टी.पी | ATP | ||||
वाष्पोत्सर्जन | Transpiration | ||||
श्वसन | Respiration | ||||
वहन तंत्र | Transportation system | ||||
हृदय | Heart | ||||
रक्त-दाब | Blood pressure | ||||
कुपिका | Alveoli | ||||
नलिकाएँ- रुधिर वाहिकाएँ | capillaries - blood vessels | ||||
प्लेटलेट्स | Platelets | ||||
लसीका | lymph | ||||
पादपों में परिवहन | Transport in plants | ||||
वृक्क | Kidney | ||||
कृत्रिम वृक्क | Artificial kidney | ||||
अपोहन | Dialysis | ||||
वृक्काणु | Nephron | ||||
अंगदान | Organ donation | ||||
परिसंचरण तंत्र | Circulatory system | ||||
हीमोग्लोबिन | Hemoglobin | ||||
रुधिर | Blood | ||||
रुधिर वाहिकाएं | Blood vessels | ||||
उच्च रक्तचाप | Hypertension | ||||
पित्ताशय | Gallbladder | ||||
पित्त रस | Bile Juice | ||||
अनुशिथिलन | Diastole | ||||
प्रकुंचन | Systole | ||||
अलिंद | Atrium | ||||
प्रकाश संश्लेषण | Photosynthesis | ||||
फेफड़े | Lungs | ||||
फुफ्फुसीय शिराएँ | Pulmonary veins | ||||
धमनी | Artery | ||||
महाधमनी | Aorta | ||||
मूत्रमार्ग | Urethra | ||||
मूत्रवाहिनी | Ureter | ||||
यकृत | Liver | ||||
श्वसनी | Bronchi | ||||
शिरा | Vein | ||||
महाशिरा | Vena cava | ||||
श्वासनली | Trachea | ||||
2 | नियंत्रण एवं समन्वय | Control and coordination | |||
अग्न्याशय | Pancreas | ||||
अग्रमस्तिष्क | Forebrain | ||||
अनुमस्तिष्क | Cerebellum | ||||
आंत्र रस | intestinal juice | ||||
आंत | Intestine | ||||
जठर ग्रंथि | Gastric Gland | ||||
जठर रस | Gastric Juice | ||||
तंत्रिका | Nerve | ||||
तंत्रिका आवेग | Nerve Impulse | ||||
तंत्रिकाक्ष | Axon | ||||
मस्तिष्कावरण शोथ | Meningitis | ||||
पश्च मस्तिष्क | Hind brain | ||||
प्रमस्तिष्क | Cerebrum | ||||
मध्यमस्तिष्क | Midbrain | ||||
मस्तिष्क | Brain | ||||
एक्सॉन | Axon | ||||
अन्तर्ग्रथन | synapse | ||||
प्रतिवर्ती क्रिया | reflex action | ||||
अनैच्छिक क्रिया | Involuntary action | ||||
ऐच्छिक क्रिया | voluntary action | ||||
मेरुदंड | Spinal cord | ||||
उद्दीपन | Stimulus | ||||
हार्मोन | hormone | ||||
3 | जीव जनन कैसे करते हैं | How do organisms reproduce | |||
अंड कोशिका | Egg cell | ||||
अंड वाहिनी | Oviduct | ||||
अंडाशय | Ovary | ||||
अंतर्जनन | Unbreeding | ||||
गर्भाशय | Uterus | ||||
ग्रासनली | Oesophagus | ||||
गर्भाशय ग्रीवा | Cervix | ||||
प्रजनन | Reproduction | ||||
पुनर्जनन | Regeneration | ||||
बृहदान्त्र | Colon | ||||
युग्मक | Gamete | ||||
युग्मनज | Zygote | ||||
यौवनारम्भ | Puberty | ||||
वर्तिका | Style | ||||
वर्तिकाग्र | Stigro | ||||
वृषण | Testes | ||||
शिश्न | Penis | ||||
शुक्रवाहिनी | Vas deferens | ||||
शुक्राशय | Seminal vesicle | ||||
मुकुलन | Budding | ||||
कायिक प्रवर्धन | vegetative propagation | ||||
टेस्टोस्टेरोन | Testosterone | ||||
रजोधर्म | Menstruation | ||||
निषेचन | fertilization | ||||
प्रोस्टेट ग्रंथि | Prostate gland | ||||
गर्भनिरोधक युक्तियाँ | Contraception Tips | ||||
लैंगिक जनन | Sexual Reproduction | ||||
अलैंगिक जनन | Asexual Reproduction | ||||
4 | आनुवंशिकता एवं जैव विकास | Heredity and Biological Evolution | |||
आनुवंशिकता | Heredity | ||||
अनुवांशिक पदार्थ | Genetic Material | ||||
लिंग निर्धारण | Sex determination | ||||
लिंग गुणसूत्र | Sex Chromosome | ||||
वंशानुगत लक्षण | Inherited traits | ||||
वंशागति | Inheritance | ||||
मेंडल का योगदान | Mendel's contribution | ||||
कर्णपाली | Ear lobe | ||||
उपार्जित और अनुवांशिक लक्षण | Acquired and hereditary traits | ||||
चार्ल्स रॉबर्ट डार्विन | Charles Robert Darwin | ||||
मेयर का प्रयोग | Mayor's Experiment | ||||
प्राकृतिक चयन | Natural Selection | ||||
विकास | Evolution | ||||
वर्गीकरण | Classification | ||||
अभिलक्षण | Characteristic | ||||
जीवाश्मी ईंधन | Fossil fuel | ||||
अप्रभावी गुण | Recessive traits | ||||
जीवाश्म | Fossil | ||||
विभिन्नताएं | Variations | ||||
5 | हमारा पर्यावरण | Our environment | |||
पारितंत्र | Ecosystem | ||||
उत्पादक | Producers | ||||
उपभोक्ता | Consumers | ||||
खाद्य श्रृंखला | Food Chain | ||||
खाद्य जाल | Food web | ||||
ओजोन परत | Ozone layer | ||||
अजैव निम्नीकरणीय | Abiodegradation | ||||
जैव प्रक्रम | Biological process | ||||
जैविक आवर्धन | Biological magnification | ||||
अपघटक | Decomposers | ||||
जैव मात्रा | Biomass | ||||
पारिस्थितिक | Ecological | ||||
समष्टि | Population | ||||
6 | प्राकृतिक संसाधनों का संपोषित प्रबंधन | Sustainable management of natural resources | |||
विशिष्ट स्थल | Hotspots | ||||
संपोषित प्रबंधन | Sustainable management | ||||
अनवीकरणीय | Non-renewable | ||||
अनुपचारित मल | Untreated sewage | ||||
अपमार्जक(जीव विज्ञान ) | Detergent | ||||
एंटीबायोटिक | Antibiotics | ||||
प्रयोज्य | Disposable | ||||
प्रदूषित | Polluted | ||||
संदूषण | Contamination | ||||
प्राकृतिक संसाधन | Natural resources | ||||
चिपको आंदोलन | chipko movement | ||||