Taxonomy for Chemistry Articles-12th Class: Difference between revisions
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|'''अध्याय-सूची''' | |'''अध्याय-सूची''' | ||
|'''विषय-सूची''' | |'''विषय-सूची''' | ||
|'''Article Creator Name''' | |||
|'''Chapters''' | |'''Chapters''' | ||
|'''Topic''' | |'''Topic''' | ||
Line 8: | Line 9: | ||
|'''1''' | |'''1''' | ||
|'''ठोस अवस्था''' | |'''ठोस अवस्था''' | ||
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| | | | ||
|'''Solid State''' | |'''Solid State''' | ||
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|[[अक्रिस्टलीय ठोस]] | |[[अक्रिस्टलीय ठोस]] | ||
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|Amorphous Solid | |Amorphous Solid | ||
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|[[क्रिस्टलीय ठोस]] | |[[क्रिस्टलीय ठोस]] | ||
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|Crystalline solid | |Crystalline solid | ||
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|[[विषमदैशिक]] | |[[विषमदैशिक]] | ||
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|Anisotropic | |Anisotropic | ||
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|[[ध्रुवीय आणविक ठोस]] | |[[ध्रुवीय आणविक ठोस]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Polar Molecular Solids | |Polar Molecular Solids | ||
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|[[अध्रुवीय आण्विक ठोस]] | |[[अध्रुवीय आण्विक ठोस]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Nonpolar Molecular Solids | |Nonpolar Molecular Solids | ||
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|[[विस्थापन दोष]] | |[[विस्थापन दोष]] | ||
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|Dislocation defect | |Dislocation defect | ||
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|[[इलेक्ट्रॉन छिद्र]] | |[[इलेक्ट्रॉन छिद्र]] | ||
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|Electron hole | |Electron hole | ||
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|[[इलेक्ट्रॉन रिक्त]] | |[[इलेक्ट्रॉन रिक्त]] | ||
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|Electron Vacancy | |Electron Vacancy | ||
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|[[इलेक्ट्रॉन दोष]] | |[[इलेक्ट्रॉन दोष]] | ||
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|Electron Defect | |Electron Defect | ||
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|[[अंतर आणविक बल]] | |[[अंतर आणविक बल]] | ||
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|Intermolecular Forces | |Intermolecular Forces | ||
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|[[आंतरिक अर्धचालक]] | |[[आंतरिक अर्धचालक]] | ||
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|Intrinsic Semiconductors | |Intrinsic Semiconductors | ||
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|[[आयनिक ठोस]] | |[[आयनिक ठोस]] | ||
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|Ionic Solids | |Ionic Solids | ||
Line 87: | Line 101: | ||
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|[[धात्विक ठोस]] | |[[धात्विक ठोस]] | ||
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|Metallic Solids | |Metallic Solids | ||
Line 93: | Line 108: | ||
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|[[छद्म ठोस]] | |[[छद्म ठोस]] | ||
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|Pseudo Solids | |Pseudo Solids | ||
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|[[ठोस अवस्था]] | |[[ठोस अवस्था]] | ||
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|Solid State | |Solid State | ||
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|[[आध एवं एकक कोष्ठिका]] | |[[आध एवं एकक कोष्ठिका]] | ||
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|Unit Cells | |Unit Cells | ||
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|[[अन्तः केंद्रित घनीय एकक कोष्ठिका]] | |[[अन्तः केंद्रित घनीय एकक कोष्ठिका]] | ||
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|End-centred unit | |End-centred unit | ||
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|[[फलक केंद्रित घनीय एकक कोष्ठिका]] | |[[फलक केंद्रित घनीय एकक कोष्ठिका]] | ||
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|Face-centred unit | |Face-centred unit | ||
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|[[निविड़ संकुलित संरचनाएं]] | |[[निविड़ संकुलित संरचनाएं]] | ||
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|Body-Centred unit | |Body-Centred unit | ||
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|[[बोहर मैग्नेटन]] | |[[बोहर मैग्नेटन]] | ||
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|Bohr Magneton | |Bohr Magneton | ||
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|[[रिक्तिका दोष]] | |[[रिक्तिका दोष]] | ||
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|Vacancy Defect | |Vacancy Defect | ||
Line 141: | Line 164: | ||
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|[[संकुलन क्षमता]] | |[[संकुलन क्षमता]] | ||
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|Packing Efficiency | |Packing Efficiency | ||
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|[[रेखीय दोष]] | |[[रेखीय दोष]] | ||
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|Line Defects | |Line Defects | ||
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|[[बिंदु दोष]] | |[[बिंदु दोष]] | ||
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|Point Defects | |Point Defects | ||
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|[[स्टॉइकियोमीट्री दोष]] | |[[स्टॉइकियोमीट्री दोष]] | ||
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|Stoichiometric Defects | |Stoichiometric Defects | ||
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|[[क्रिस्टल दोष]] | |[[क्रिस्टल दोष]] | ||
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|Crystal Defects | |Crystal Defects | ||
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|[[अंतराकाशी दोष]] | |[[अंतराकाशी दोष]] | ||
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|Interstitial Defect | |Interstitial Defect | ||
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|[[फ्रेंकल दोष]] | |[[फ्रेंकल दोष]] | ||
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|Frenkel Defect | |Frenkel Defect | ||
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|[[इलेक्ट्रॉनिक दोष]] | |[[इलेक्ट्रॉनिक दोष]] | ||
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|Electronic Defect | |Electronic Defect | ||
Line 189: | Line 220: | ||
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|[[शॉटकी दोष]] | |[[शॉटकी दोष]] | ||
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|Schottky Solids | |Schottky Solids | ||
Line 195: | Line 227: | ||
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|[[अशुद्धता दोष]] | |[[अशुद्धता दोष]] | ||
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|Impurity Defect | |Impurity Defect | ||
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|[[नॉन स्टॉइकियोमीट्री दोष]] | |[[नॉन स्टॉइकियोमीट्री दोष]] | ||
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|Non Stoichiometric Defects | |Non Stoichiometric Defects | ||
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|[[धातु आधिक्य दोष]] | |[[धातु आधिक्य दोष]] | ||
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|Metal excess Defects | |Metal excess Defects | ||
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|[[धातु न्यूनता दोष]] | |[[धातु न्यूनता दोष]] | ||
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|metal deficiency defect | |metal deficiency defect | ||
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|[[चालक]] | |[[चालक]] | ||
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|Conductors | |Conductors | ||
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|[[विद्युतरोधी]] | |[[विद्युतरोधी]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|insulated | |insulated | ||
Line 231: | Line 269: | ||
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|[[अर्धचालक]] | |[[अर्धचालक]] | ||
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|Semiconductor | |Semiconductor | ||
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|[[अष्टफलकीय ठोस]] | |[[अष्टफलकीय ठोस]] | ||
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|Octahedral solids | |Octahedral solids | ||
Line 243: | Line 283: | ||
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|[[चतुष्फलकीय रिक्तिकाएँ]] | |[[चतुष्फलकीय रिक्तिकाएँ]] | ||
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|Tetrahedral Voids | |Tetrahedral Voids | ||
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|[[अनुचुंबकत्व]] | |[[अनुचुंबकत्व]] | ||
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|Paramagnetism | |Paramagnetism | ||
Line 255: | Line 297: | ||
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|[[लोहचुंबकत्व]] | |[[लोहचुंबकत्व]] | ||
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|Ferromagnetism | |Ferromagnetism | ||
Line 261: | Line 304: | ||
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|[[प्रतिलोहचुंबकत्व]] | |[[प्रतिलोहचुंबकत्व]] | ||
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|Antiferromagnetism | |Antiferromagnetism | ||
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|[[समन्वय संख्या]] | |[[समन्वय संख्या]] | ||
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|Coordination Number | |Coordination Number | ||
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|[[अवोगाद्रो स्थिरांक]] | |[[अवोगाद्रो स्थिरांक]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Avogadro Constant | |Avogadro Constant | ||
Line 279: | Line 325: | ||
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|[[जालक बिंदु]] | |[[जालक बिंदु]] | ||
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|Bravais Lattices | |Bravais Lattices | ||
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|[[बृहत अणु]] | |[[बृहत अणु]] | ||
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|Giant Molecules | |Giant Molecules | ||
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|[[अतिशीतित द्रव]] | |[[अतिशीतित द्रव]] | ||
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|Supercooled Liquids | |Supercooled Liquids | ||
Line 297: | Line 346: | ||
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|[[हाइड्रोजन बंधित आणविक]] | |[[हाइड्रोजन बंधित आणविक]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Hydrogen Bonded molecular | |Hydrogen Bonded molecular | ||
Line 302: | Line 352: | ||
|'''2''' | |'''2''' | ||
|'''विलयन''' | |'''विलयन''' | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|'''Solution''' | |'''Solution''' | ||
Line 309: | Line 360: | ||
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|[[विलयन की सांद्रता]] | |[[विलयन की सांद्रता]] | ||
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|Concentration of Solutions | |Concentration of Solutions | ||
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|[[द्रव्यमान प्रतिशत(w/w)]] | |[[द्रव्यमान प्रतिशत(w/w)]] | ||
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|Percentage mass per mass | |Percentage mass per mass | ||
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|[[आयतन प्रतिशत(v/v)]] | |[[आयतन प्रतिशत(v/v)]] | ||
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|Percentage by volume | |Percentage by volume | ||
Line 327: | Line 381: | ||
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|[[द्रव्यमान आयतन प्रतिशत(w/v)]] | |[[द्रव्यमान आयतन प्रतिशत(w/v)]] | ||
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|Percentage mass per volume | |Percentage mass per volume | ||
Line 333: | Line 388: | ||
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|[[पार्ट्स प्रति मिलियन]] | |[[पार्ट्स प्रति मिलियन]] | ||
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|Parts per million | |Parts per million | ||
Line 339: | Line 395: | ||
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|[[विलेयता]] | |[[विलेयता]] | ||
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|Solubility | |Solubility | ||
Line 345: | Line 402: | ||
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|[[संतृप्त विलयन]] | |[[संतृप्त विलयन]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Saturated Solution | |Saturated Solution | ||
Line 351: | Line 409: | ||
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|[[असंतृप्त विलयन]] | |[[असंतृप्त विलयन]] | ||
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|Unsaturated Solution | |Unsaturated Solution | ||
Line 357: | Line 416: | ||
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|[[ले-शातैलिए नियम]] | |[[ले-शातैलिए नियम]] | ||
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|Le Chatelier's principle | |Le Chatelier's principle | ||
Line 363: | Line 423: | ||
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|[[हेनरी नियम]] | |[[हेनरी नियम]] | ||
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|Henry's Law | |Henry's Law | ||
Line 369: | Line 430: | ||
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|[[राउल्ट नियम]] | |[[राउल्ट नियम]] | ||
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|Raoult's Law | |Raoult's Law | ||
Line 375: | Line 437: | ||
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|[[डाल्टन के आंशिक दाब नियम]] | |[[डाल्टन के आंशिक दाब नियम]] | ||
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|Dalton's Law | |Dalton's Law | ||
Line 381: | Line 444: | ||
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|[[आदर्श विलयन]] | |[[आदर्श विलयन]] | ||
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|Ideal Solution | |Ideal Solution | ||
Line 387: | Line 451: | ||
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|[[अनादर्श विलयन]] | |[[अनादर्श विलयन]] | ||
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|Non-ideal Solution | |Non-ideal Solution | ||
Line 393: | Line 458: | ||
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|[[अणुसंख्य गुणधर्म]] | |[[अणुसंख्य गुणधर्म]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Colligative Properties | |Colligative Properties | ||
Line 399: | Line 465: | ||
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|[[वाष्पदाब का आपेक्षिक अवनमन]] | |[[वाष्पदाब का आपेक्षिक अवनमन]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Relative Lowering vapour pressure | |Relative Lowering vapour pressure | ||
Line 405: | Line 472: | ||
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|[[क्वथनांक उन्नयन स्थिरांक]] | |[[क्वथनांक उन्नयन स्थिरांक]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Molal elevation constant | |Molal elevation constant | ||
Line 411: | Line 479: | ||
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|[[हिमांक का अवनमन]] | |[[हिमांक का अवनमन]] | ||
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|Depression in freezing point | |Depression in freezing point | ||
Line 417: | Line 486: | ||
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|[[इबुलियोस्कोपिक स्थिरांक]] | |[[इबुलियोस्कोपिक स्थिरांक]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Ebullioscopic Constant | |Ebullioscopic Constant | ||
Line 423: | Line 493: | ||
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|[[क्रायोस्कोपिक स्थिरांक]] | |[[क्रायोस्कोपिक स्थिरांक]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Cryoscopic Constant | |Cryoscopic Constant | ||
Line 429: | Line 500: | ||
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|[[अर्धपारगम्य झिल्ली]] | |[[अर्धपारगम्य झिल्ली]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Semipermeable membrane | |Semipermeable membrane | ||
Line 435: | Line 507: | ||
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|[[परासरण दाब]] | |[[परासरण दाब]] | ||
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|Osmotic Pressure | |Osmotic Pressure | ||
Line 441: | Line 514: | ||
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|[[प्रतिलोम परासरण]] | |[[प्रतिलोम परासरण]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Reverse Osmosis | |Reverse Osmosis | ||
Line 447: | Line 521: | ||
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|[[समपरासरी विलयन]] | |[[समपरासरी विलयन]] | ||
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|Isotonic Solution | |Isotonic Solution | ||
Line 453: | Line 528: | ||
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|[[वाष्पदाब]] | |[[वाष्पदाब]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Vapour Pressure | |Vapour Pressure | ||
Line 458: | Line 534: | ||
|'''3''' | |'''3''' | ||
|'''वैधुतरसायन''' | |'''वैधुतरसायन''' | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|'''Electrochemistry''' | |'''Electrochemistry''' | ||
Line 465: | Line 542: | ||
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|[[विधुत अपघट्य]] | |[[विधुत अपघट्य]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Electrolytes | |Electrolytes | ||
Line 471: | Line 549: | ||
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|[[वैधुतरसायनिक सेल]] | |[[वैधुतरसायनिक सेल]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Electrochemical cell | |Electrochemical cell | ||
Line 477: | Line 556: | ||
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|[[गैल्वैनी सेल]] | |[[गैल्वैनी सेल]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Galvanic Cell | |Galvanic Cell | ||
Line 483: | Line 563: | ||
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|[[वोल्टीय सेल]] | |[[वोल्टीय सेल]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Voltaic Cell | |Voltaic Cell | ||
Line 489: | Line 570: | ||
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|[[डेनियल सेल]] | |[[डेनियल सेल]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Daniell Cell | |Daniell Cell | ||
Line 495: | Line 577: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[वैधुत अपघटनी सेल]] | |[[वैधुत अपघटनी सेल]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Electrolytic Cell | |Electrolytic Cell | ||
Line 501: | Line 584: | ||
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|[[इलेक्ट्रोड विभव]] | |[[इलेक्ट्रोड विभव]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Electrode Potential | |Electrode Potential | ||
Line 507: | Line 591: | ||
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|[[मानक इलेक्ट्रोड विभव]] | |[[मानक इलेक्ट्रोड विभव]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Standard Electrode Potential | |Standard Electrode Potential | ||
Line 513: | Line 598: | ||
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|[[सेल विभव]] | |[[सेल विभव]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Cell Potential | |Cell Potential | ||
Line 519: | Line 605: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[सेल विद्युत वाहक बल (emf)]] | |[[सेल विद्युत वाहक बल (emf)]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Electromotive Force | |Electromotive Force | ||
Line 525: | Line 612: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[नेर्न्स्ट समीकरण]] | |[[नेर्न्स्ट समीकरण]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Nernst Equation | |Nernst Equation | ||
Line 531: | Line 619: | ||
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|[[प्रतिरोधकता]] | |[[प्रतिरोधकता]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Resistivity | |Resistivity | ||
Line 537: | Line 626: | ||
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|[[मोलर चालकता]] | |[[मोलर चालकता]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Molar Conductivity | |Molar Conductivity | ||
Line 543: | Line 633: | ||
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|[[आयनिक चालकता]] | |[[आयनिक चालकता]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Ionic Conductance | |Ionic Conductance | ||
Line 549: | Line 640: | ||
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|[[विद्युत चालकता]] | |[[विद्युत चालकता]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Electrical Conductance | |Electrical Conductance | ||
Line 555: | Line 647: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[चालकता (विशिष्ट चालकता)]] | |[[चालकता (विशिष्ट चालकता)]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Conductivity | |Conductivity | ||
Line 561: | Line 654: | ||
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|[[व्हीटस्टोन ब्रिज]] | |[[व्हीटस्टोन ब्रिज]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Wheatstone bridge | |Wheatstone bridge | ||
Line 567: | Line 661: | ||
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|[[विभव प्रवणता]] | |[[विभव प्रवणता]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Potential gradient | |Potential gradient | ||
Line 573: | Line 668: | ||
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|[[कोलरॉउश]] | |[[कोलरॉउश]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Kohlrausch Law | |Kohlrausch Law | ||
Line 579: | Line 675: | ||
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|[[फैराडे के नियम]] | |[[फैराडे के नियम]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Faraday's Law | |Faraday's Law | ||
Line 585: | Line 682: | ||
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|[[बैटरियां]] | |[[बैटरियां]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Batteries | |Batteries | ||
Line 591: | Line 689: | ||
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|[[प्राथमिक बैटरियां]] | |[[प्राथमिक बैटरियां]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Primary Battery | |Primary Battery | ||
Line 597: | Line 696: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[द्वितीयक बैटरी]] | |[[द्वितीयक बैटरी]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Secondary Battery | |Secondary Battery | ||
Line 603: | Line 703: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[लेक्लांशे सेल]] | |[[लेक्लांशे सेल]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Line 609: | Line 710: | ||
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|[[संचायक सेल]] | |[[संचायक सेल]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Line 615: | Line 717: | ||
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|[[ईधन सेल]] | |[[ईधन सेल]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Fuel Cells | |Fuel Cells | ||
Line 621: | Line 724: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[गिब्स ऊर्जा]] | |[[गिब्स ऊर्जा]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Gibbs Energy | |Gibbs Energy | ||
Line 627: | Line 731: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[रेडॉक्स युग्म]] | |[[रेडॉक्स युग्म]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Redox Couples | |Redox Couples | ||
Line 632: | Line 737: | ||
|'''4''' | |'''4''' | ||
|'''रासायनिक बलगतिकी''' | |'''रासायनिक बलगतिकी''' | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|'''Chemical Kinetics''' | |'''Chemical Kinetics''' | ||
Line 639: | Line 745: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[रासायनिक अभिक्रिया वेग]] | |[[रासायनिक अभिक्रिया वेग]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Rate of Chemical Reaction | |Rate of Chemical Reaction | ||
Line 645: | Line 752: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[अभिक्रिया के वेग को प्रभावित करने वाले कारक]] | |[[अभिक्रिया के वेग को प्रभावित करने वाले कारक]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|rate dependent factors | |rate dependent factors | ||
Line 651: | Line 759: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[अभिक्रिया की कोटि]] | |[[अभिक्रिया की कोटि]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Order of reaction | |Order of reaction | ||
Line 657: | Line 766: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[छद्म प्रथम कोटि की अभिक्रिया]] | |[[छद्म प्रथम कोटि की अभिक्रिया]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Pseudo first order reaction | |Pseudo first order reaction | ||
Line 663: | Line 773: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[वेग स्थिरांक]] | |[[वेग स्थिरांक]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Rate Constant | |Rate Constant | ||
Line 669: | Line 780: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[आणविकता]] | |[[आणविकता]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Molecularity of a reaction | |Molecularity of a reaction | ||
Line 675: | Line 787: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[शून्य कोटि की अभिक्रिया]] | |[[शून्य कोटि की अभिक्रिया]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Zero Order Reaction | |Zero Order Reaction | ||
Line 681: | Line 794: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[प्रथम कोटि की अभिक्रिया]] | |[[प्रथम कोटि की अभिक्रिया]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|First Order Reaction | |First Order Reaction | ||
Line 687: | Line 801: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[अर्धआयु]] | |[[अर्धआयु]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Half Life | |Half Life | ||
Line 693: | Line 808: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[आवृत्ति गुणक]] | |[[आवृत्ति गुणक]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Frequency Factor | |Frequency Factor | ||
Line 699: | Line 815: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[सक्रियण]] | |[[सक्रियण]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Activated Complex | |Activated Complex | ||
Line 705: | Line 822: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[अरेहेनियस समीकरण]] | |[[अरेहेनियस समीकरण]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Arrhenius Equation | |Arrhenius Equation | ||
Line 711: | Line 829: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[सांद्रता पर दर की निर्भरता]] | |[[सांद्रता पर दर की निर्भरता]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Dependence of rate on Concentration | |Dependence of rate on Concentration | ||
Line 717: | Line 836: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[सान्द्रता पर ताप की निर्भरता]] | |[[सान्द्रता पर ताप की निर्भरता]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Temperature dependence of rate | |Temperature dependence of rate | ||
Line 723: | Line 843: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[दर स्थिरांक की इकाई]] | |[[दर स्थिरांक की इकाई]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Unit of Rate Constant | |Unit of Rate Constant | ||
Line 729: | Line 850: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[संघट्ट आवृत्ति]] | |[[संघट्ट आवृत्ति]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Collision Frequency | |Collision Frequency | ||
Line 735: | Line 857: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[प्रभावी संघट्ट]] | |[[प्रभावी संघट्ट]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Effective collision | |Effective collision | ||
Line 740: | Line 863: | ||
|'''5''' | |'''5''' | ||
|'''पृष्ठ रसायन''' | |'''पृष्ठ रसायन''' | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|'''Surface Chemistry''' | |'''Surface Chemistry''' | ||
Line 747: | Line 871: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[अधिशोषण]] | |[[अधिशोषण]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Adsorption | |Adsorption | ||
Line 753: | Line 878: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[अवशोषण]] | |[[अवशोषण]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Absorption | |Absorption | ||
Line 759: | Line 885: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[अधिशोष्य]] | |[[अधिशोष्य]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Absorbate | |Absorbate | ||
Line 765: | Line 892: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[अधिशोषक]] | |[[अधिशोषक]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Absorbent | |Absorbent | ||
Line 771: | Line 899: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[विशोषण]] | |[[विशोषण]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Sorption | |Sorption | ||
Line 777: | Line 906: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[भौतिक अधिशोषण]] | |[[भौतिक अधिशोषण]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Physisorption | |Physisorption | ||
Line 783: | Line 913: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[रसायनिक अधिशोषण]] | |[[रसायनिक अधिशोषण]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Chemisorption | |Chemisorption | ||
Line 789: | Line 920: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[अधिशोषण समतापी]] | |[[अधिशोषण समतापी]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Adsorption isotherm | |Adsorption isotherm | ||
Line 795: | Line 927: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[फ्रायन्डलिक समतापी]] | |[[फ्रायन्डलिक समतापी]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Freundlich isotherm | |Freundlich isotherm | ||
Line 801: | Line 934: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[उत्प्रेरण]] | |[[उत्प्रेरण]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Catalyst | |Catalyst | ||
Line 807: | Line 941: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[जैल]] | |[[जैल]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Gels | |Gels | ||
Line 813: | Line 948: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[समांगी उत्प्रेरण]] | |[[समांगी उत्प्रेरण]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Homogeneous Catalysis | |Homogeneous Catalysis | ||
Line 819: | Line 955: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[विषमांगी उत्प्रेरण]] | |[[विषमांगी उत्प्रेरण]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Heterogeneous catalysis | |Heterogeneous catalysis | ||
Line 825: | Line 962: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[विषकारक]] | |[[विषकारक]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Inhibitors | |Inhibitors | ||
Line 831: | Line 969: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[वर्धक]] | |[[वर्धक]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Line 837: | Line 976: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[आकार वर्णात्मक उत्प्रेरण]] | |[[आकार वर्णात्मक उत्प्रेरण]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Shape-Selective catalysis | |Shape-Selective catalysis | ||
Line 843: | Line 983: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[एंजाइम उत्प्रेरण]] | |[[एंजाइम उत्प्रेरण]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Enzyme catalysis | |Enzyme catalysis | ||
Line 849: | Line 990: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[जैव रासायनिक उत्प्रेरण]] | |[[जैव रासायनिक उत्प्रेरण]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Biochemical Catalysis | |Biochemical Catalysis | ||
Line 855: | Line 997: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[क्राफ्ट तापमान]] | |[[क्राफ्ट तापमान]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Kraft Temprature | |Kraft Temprature | ||
Line 861: | Line 1,004: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[ताला कुंजी परिकल्पना]] | |[[ताला कुंजी परिकल्पना]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Lock and Key | |Lock and Key | ||
Line 867: | Line 1,011: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[कोलॉइडों का वर्गीकरण]] | |[[कोलॉइडों का वर्गीकरण]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Classification of Colloids | |Classification of Colloids | ||
Line 873: | Line 1,018: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[इमल्शन]] | |[[इमल्शन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Emulsion | |Emulsion | ||
Line 879: | Line 1,025: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[द्रवरागी]] | |[[द्रवरागी]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Lyophilic colloids | |Lyophilic colloids | ||
Line 885: | Line 1,032: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[द्रवविरागी]] | |[[द्रवविरागी]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Lyophobic Colloids | |Lyophobic Colloids | ||
Line 891: | Line 1,039: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[बहुआण्विक कोलाइड]] | |[[बहुआण्विक कोलाइड]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Line 897: | Line 1,046: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[वृहदाण्विक कोलाइड]] | |[[वृहदाण्विक कोलाइड]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Line 903: | Line 1,053: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[सहचारी कोलाइड (मिसेल)]] | |[[सहचारी कोलाइड (मिसेल)]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Micelles | |Micelles | ||
Line 909: | Line 1,060: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[क्रांतिक मिसेल ताप]] | |[[क्रांतिक मिसेल ताप]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Critical micelle Temprature | |Critical micelle Temprature | ||
Line 915: | Line 1,067: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[ब्रेडिंग आर्क विधि]] | |[[ब्रेडिंग आर्क विधि]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Bredig's arc | |Bredig's arc | ||
Line 921: | Line 1,074: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[विद्युत अपोहन]] | |[[विद्युत अपोहन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Electrodialysis | |Electrodialysis | ||
Line 927: | Line 1,081: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[निस्यन्दन]] | |[[निस्यन्दन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|filtration | |filtration | ||
Line 933: | Line 1,088: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[सॉल]] | |[[सॉल]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Sols | |Sols | ||
Line 939: | Line 1,095: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[टिंडल शंकु]] | |[[टिंडल शंकु]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Tyndall Cone | |Tyndall Cone | ||
Line 945: | Line 1,102: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[ब्राउनी गति]] | |[[ब्राउनी गति]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Brownian movement | |Brownian movement | ||
Line 951: | Line 1,109: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[जीटा विभव]] | |[[जीटा विभव]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Zeta potential | |Zeta potential | ||
Line 957: | Line 1,116: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[स्कंदन]] | |[[स्कंदन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Coagulation | |Coagulation | ||
Line 963: | Line 1,123: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[अवक्षेपण]] | |[[अवक्षेपण]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Precipitation | |Precipitation | ||
Line 969: | Line 1,130: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[पायस]] | |[[पायस]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Emulsion | |Emulsion | ||
Line 975: | Line 1,137: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[ओस्टवाल्ड प्रक्रिया]] | |[[ओस्टवाल्ड प्रक्रिया]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Ostwald's process | |Ostwald's process | ||
Line 981: | Line 1,144: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[पायसीकर्मक]] | |[[पायसीकर्मक]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|emulsifier | |emulsifier | ||
Line 987: | Line 1,151: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[पेप्टीकरण]] | |[[पेप्टीकरण]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Peptization | |Peptization | ||
Line 992: | Line 1,157: | ||
|'''6''' | |'''6''' | ||
|'''तत्वों के निष्कर्षण के सिद्धांत एवं प्रक्रम''' | |'''तत्वों के निष्कर्षण के सिद्धांत एवं प्रक्रम''' | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|'''General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements''' | |'''General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements''' | ||
Line 999: | Line 1,165: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[धातुकर्म]] | |[[धातुकर्म]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Metallurgy | |Metallurgy | ||
Line 1,005: | Line 1,172: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[फफोलेदार कॉपर]] | |[[फफोलेदार कॉपर]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Blister Copper | |Blister Copper | ||
Line 1,011: | Line 1,179: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[अपअयस्क (गैंग)]] | |[[अपअयस्क (गैंग)]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Gangue | |Gangue | ||
Line 1,017: | Line 1,186: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[घनत्वीय पृथक्करण]] | |[[घनत्वीय पृथक्करण]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Line 1,023: | Line 1,193: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[चुंबकीय पृथक्करण]] | |[[चुंबकीय पृथक्करण]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Magnetic separation | |Magnetic separation | ||
Line 1,029: | Line 1,200: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[फेन प्लवन विधि]] | |[[फेन प्लवन विधि]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|foam flotation method | |foam flotation method | ||
Line 1,035: | Line 1,207: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[निक्षालन]] | |[[निक्षालन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Leaching | |Leaching | ||
Line 1,041: | Line 1,214: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[ढलवाँ लोहा]] | |[[ढलवाँ लोहा]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Cast iron | |Cast iron | ||
Line 1,047: | Line 1,221: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[द्रवीकरण]] | |[[द्रवीकरण]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Liquation | |Liquation | ||
Line 1,053: | Line 1,228: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[हाइड्रॉलिक धुलाई]] | |[[हाइड्रॉलिक धुलाई]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Hydraulic washing | |Hydraulic washing | ||
Line 1,059: | Line 1,235: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[जलधातु विज्ञान]] | |[[जलधातु विज्ञान]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Hydrometallurgy | |Hydrometallurgy | ||
Line 1,065: | Line 1,242: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[तत्वों का पृथक्करण]] | |[[तत्वों का पृथक्करण]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Isolation of elements | |Isolation of elements | ||
Line 1,071: | Line 1,249: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[प्रगलन]] | |[[प्रगलन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|smelting | |smelting | ||
Line 1,077: | Line 1,256: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[परावर्तन भट्टी]] | |[[परावर्तन भट्टी]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Reverberatory furnace | |Reverberatory furnace | ||
Line 1,083: | Line 1,263: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[वात्या भट्टी]] | |[[वात्या भट्टी]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Blast Furnace | |Blast Furnace | ||
Line 1,089: | Line 1,270: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[शोधन]] | |[[शोधन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Zone refining | |Zone refining | ||
Line 1,095: | Line 1,277: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[विद्युत अपघटनी शोधन]] | |[[विद्युत अपघटनी शोधन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Electrolytic refining | |Electrolytic refining | ||
Line 1,101: | Line 1,284: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[वैन अर्केल विधि]] | |[[वैन अर्केल विधि]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Van arkel method | |Van arkel method | ||
Line 1,107: | Line 1,291: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[पिटवां लोहा]] | |[[पिटवां लोहा]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Wrought iron | |Wrought iron | ||
Line 1,113: | Line 1,298: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[मोंड विधि]] | |[[मोंड विधि]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Mond Process | |Mond Process | ||
Line 1,119: | Line 1,305: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[वाष्प प्रावस्था परिष्करण]] | |[[वाष्प प्रावस्था परिष्करण]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Vapour phase refining | |Vapour phase refining | ||
Line 1,125: | Line 1,312: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[वर्णलेखिकी (क्रोमैटोग्राफी) विधियाँ]] | |[[वर्णलेखिकी (क्रोमैटोग्राफी) विधियाँ]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Chromatographic methods | |Chromatographic methods | ||
Line 1,131: | Line 1,319: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[कॉलम क्रोमैटोग्राफी]] | |[[कॉलम क्रोमैटोग्राफी]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Column Chromatography | |Column Chromatography | ||
Line 1,137: | Line 1,326: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[कॉपर मेट]] | |[[कॉपर मेट]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Copper matte | |Copper matte | ||
Line 1,143: | Line 1,333: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[एलिंघम आरेख]] | |[[एलिंघम आरेख]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Ellingham diagram | |Ellingham diagram | ||
Line 1,149: | Line 1,340: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[अवनमक]] | |[[अवनमक]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Depressants | |Depressants | ||
Line 1,155: | Line 1,347: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[हॉल हेरोल्ट प्रक्रिया]] | |[[हॉल हेरोल्ट प्रक्रिया]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Hall heroult process | |Hall heroult process | ||
Line 1,161: | Line 1,354: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[कच्चा लोहा]] | |[[कच्चा लोहा]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Pig Iron | |Pig Iron | ||
Line 1,167: | Line 1,361: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[धातुओं का शोधन]] | |[[धातुओं का शोधन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Purification of metals | |Purification of metals | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Line 1,178: | Line 1,374: | ||
|'''7''' | |'''7''' | ||
|'''p ब्लॉक के तत्व''' | |'''p ब्लॉक के तत्व''' | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|'''The p- Block Elements''' | |'''The p- Block Elements''' | ||
Line 1,185: | Line 1,382: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[डाई नाइट्रोजन]] | |[[डाई नाइट्रोजन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Line 1,191: | Line 1,389: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[हैबर विधि]] | |[[हैबर विधि]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Haber's process | |Haber's process | ||
Line 1,197: | Line 1,396: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[नाइट्रोजन के ऑक्साइड]] | |[[नाइट्रोजन के ऑक्साइड]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Oxides of Nitrogen | |Oxides of Nitrogen | ||
Line 1,203: | Line 1,403: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[नाइट्रिक अम्ल]] | |[[नाइट्रिक अम्ल]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Nitric Acid | |Nitric Acid | ||
Line 1,209: | Line 1,410: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[अपरूप]] | |[[अपरूप]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Allotropic Form | |Allotropic Form | ||
Line 1,215: | Line 1,417: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[भूरी वलय परीक्षण]] | |[[भूरी वलय परीक्षण]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Brown ring test | |Brown ring test | ||
Line 1,221: | Line 1,424: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[ऑक्सीजन का असामान्य व्यवहार]] | |[[ऑक्सीजन का असामान्य व्यवहार]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Anomalous behaviour of oxygen | |Anomalous behaviour of oxygen | ||
Line 1,227: | Line 1,431: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[एक्वा रेजिया]] | |[[एक्वा रेजिया]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Aqua regia | |Aqua regia | ||
Line 1,233: | Line 1,438: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[श्वेत फास्फोरस]] | |[[श्वेत फास्फोरस]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|White phosphorus | |White phosphorus | ||
Line 1,239: | Line 1,445: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[लाल फास्फोरस]] | |[[लाल फास्फोरस]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Red phosphorus | |Red phosphorus | ||
Line 1,245: | Line 1,452: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[काला फास्फोरस]] | |[[काला फास्फोरस]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Black phosphorus | |Black phosphorus | ||
Line 1,251: | Line 1,459: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[मोनोक्लिनिक सल्फर]] | |[[मोनोक्लिनिक सल्फर]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Monoclinic sulphur | |Monoclinic sulphur | ||
Line 1,257: | Line 1,466: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[फास्फोरस के हैलाइड]] | |[[फास्फोरस के हैलाइड]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Halides of phosphorus | |Halides of phosphorus | ||
Line 1,263: | Line 1,473: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[ऑक्सीकरण अवस्था]] | |[[ऑक्सीकरण अवस्था]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Oxidation State | |Oxidation State | ||
Line 1,269: | Line 1,480: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[सल्फर के ऑक्सी अम्ल]] | |[[सल्फर के ऑक्सी अम्ल]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Oxoacids of sulphur | |Oxoacids of sulphur | ||
Line 1,275: | Line 1,487: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[ओजोन]] | |[[ओजोन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Ozone | |Ozone | ||
Line 1,281: | Line 1,494: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[सल्फ्यूरिक अम्ल]] | |[[सल्फ्यूरिक अम्ल]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Sulphuric acid | |Sulphuric acid | ||
Line 1,287: | Line 1,501: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[धूम पट]] | |[[धूम पट]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Smoke screens | |Smoke screens | ||
Line 1,293: | Line 1,508: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[हैलोजन]] | |[[हैलोजन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Halogens | |Halogens | ||
Line 1,299: | Line 1,515: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[क्लोरीन]] | |[[क्लोरीन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Chlorine | |Chlorine | ||
Line 1,305: | Line 1,522: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[हैलोजन के ऑक्सी अम्ल]] | |[[हैलोजन के ऑक्सी अम्ल]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Oxoacids of Halogens | |Oxoacids of Halogens | ||
Line 1,311: | Line 1,529: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[फास्फोरस के ऑक्सी अम्ल]] | |[[फास्फोरस के ऑक्सी अम्ल]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Oxoacids of phosphorus | |Oxoacids of phosphorus | ||
Line 1,317: | Line 1,536: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[अंतराहैलोजन यौगिक]] | |[[अंतराहैलोजन यौगिक]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Intrahalogen compounds | |Intrahalogen compounds | ||
Line 1,323: | Line 1,543: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[उत्कृष्ट गैसें]] | |[[उत्कृष्ट गैसें]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Noble Gas | |Noble Gas | ||
Line 1,329: | Line 1,550: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[जीनॉन- फ्लुओरीन यौगिक]] | |[[जीनॉन- फ्लुओरीन यौगिक]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Xenon-Fluorine compounds | |Xenon-Fluorine compounds | ||
Line 1,335: | Line 1,557: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[जीनॉन- ऑक्सीजन यौगिक]] | |[[जीनॉन- ऑक्सीजन यौगिक]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Xenon- Oxygen compounds | |Xenon- Oxygen compounds | ||
Line 1,340: | Line 1,563: | ||
|'''8''' | |'''8''' | ||
|'''d एवं f ब्लॉक के तत्व''' | |'''d एवं f ब्लॉक के तत्व''' | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|'''The d and - Block elements''' | |'''The d and - Block elements''' | ||
Line 1,347: | Line 1,571: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[एक्टिनॉइड संकुचन]] | |[[एक्टिनॉइड संकुचन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Actinoid Contraction | |Actinoid Contraction | ||
Line 1,353: | Line 1,578: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[एक्टिनॉइड]] | |[[एक्टिनॉइड]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Actinoids | |Actinoids | ||
Line 1,359: | Line 1,585: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[लौह चुंबकत्व]] | |[[लौह चुंबकत्व]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Ferromagnetism | |Ferromagnetism | ||
Line 1,365: | Line 1,592: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[आंतरिक संक्रमण धातु]] | |[[आंतरिक संक्रमण धातु]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Inner transition metals | |Inner transition metals | ||
Line 1,371: | Line 1,599: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[अंतरालीय यौगिक]] | |[[अंतरालीय यौगिक]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Interstitial Compounds | |Interstitial Compounds | ||
Line 1,377: | Line 1,606: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[लैंथेनाइड संकुचन]] | |[[लैंथेनाइड संकुचन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Lanthanide contraction | |Lanthanide contraction | ||
Line 1,383: | Line 1,613: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[लैंथेनाइड्स]] | |[[लैंथेनाइड्स]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Lanthanoids | |Lanthanoids | ||
Line 1,389: | Line 1,620: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[मिश धातु]] | |[[मिश धातु]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Mischmetall | |Mischmetall | ||
Line 1,395: | Line 1,627: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[प्रतिचुम्बकत्व]] | |[[प्रतिचुम्बकत्व]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Diamagnetism | |Diamagnetism | ||
Line 1,401: | Line 1,634: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[चतुष्फलकीय परमैंगनेट]] | |[[चतुष्फलकीय परमैंगनेट]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Tetrahedral permanganate | |Tetrahedral permanganate | ||
Line 1,407: | Line 1,641: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[संक्रमण धातुएँ]] | |[[संक्रमण धातुएँ]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Transition metals | |Transition metals | ||
Line 1,412: | Line 1,647: | ||
|'''9''' | |'''9''' | ||
|'''उपसहसंयोजक यौगिक''' | |'''उपसहसंयोजक यौगिक''' | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|'''Coordination Compounds''' | |'''Coordination Compounds''' | ||
Line 1,419: | Line 1,655: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[उभयलिंगी लिगैंड]] | |[[उभयलिंगी लिगैंड]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Ambidentate ligand | |Ambidentate ligand | ||
Line 1,425: | Line 1,662: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[काइरल]] | |[[काइरल]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Chiral | |Chiral | ||
Line 1,431: | Line 1,669: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[सिस-समावयवी]] | |[[सिस-समावयवी]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Cis- Isomer | |Cis- Isomer | ||
Line 1,437: | Line 1,676: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[उपसहसंयोजन सत्ता]] | |[[उपसहसंयोजन सत्ता]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Coordination entity | |Coordination entity | ||
Line 1,443: | Line 1,683: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[उपसहसंयोजन समावयवता]] | |[[उपसहसंयोजन समावयवता]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Coordination Isomerism | |Coordination Isomerism | ||
Line 1,449: | Line 1,690: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[उपसहसंयोजन यौगिकों का सिद्धांत]] | |[[उपसहसंयोजन यौगिकों का सिद्धांत]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Coordination Theory | |Coordination Theory | ||
Line 1,455: | Line 1,697: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[क्रिस्टल क्षेत्र सिद्धांत]] | |[[क्रिस्टल क्षेत्र सिद्धांत]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Crystal field splitting | |Crystal field splitting | ||
Line 1,461: | Line 1,704: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[क्रिस्टल क्षेत्र विपाटन]] | |[[क्रिस्टल क्षेत्र विपाटन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Crystal field theory | |Crystal field theory | ||
Line 1,467: | Line 1,711: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[द्विदन्ती]] | |[[द्विदन्ती]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Didentate | |Didentate | ||
Line 1,473: | Line 1,718: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[वियोजन स्थिरांक]] | |[[वियोजन स्थिरांक]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Dissociation constant | |Dissociation constant | ||
Line 1,479: | Line 1,725: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[फेशियल समावयवी]] | |[[फेशियल समावयवी]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Facial Isomer | |Facial Isomer | ||
Line 1,485: | Line 1,732: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[हेटरोलेप्टिक संकुल]] | |[[हेटरोलेप्टिक संकुल]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Heteroleptic complex | |Heteroleptic complex | ||
Line 1,491: | Line 1,739: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[होमोलेप्टिक संकुल]] | |[[होमोलेप्टिक संकुल]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Homoleptic complex | |Homoleptic complex | ||
Line 1,497: | Line 1,746: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[हाइड्रेट समावयवता]] | |[[हाइड्रेट समावयवता]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Hydrate Isomerism | |Hydrate Isomerism | ||
Line 1,503: | Line 1,753: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[अस्थिरता स्थिरांक]] | |[[अस्थिरता स्थिरांक]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Instability Constant | |Instability Constant | ||
Line 1,509: | Line 1,760: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[आयनन समावयवता]] | |[[आयनन समावयवता]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Ionisation Isomerism | |Ionisation Isomerism | ||
Line 1,515: | Line 1,767: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[लुईस अम्ल]] | |[[लुईस अम्ल]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Lewis Acid | |Lewis Acid | ||
Line 1,521: | Line 1,774: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[लिगेंड क्षेत्र सिद्धांत]] | |[[लिगेंड क्षेत्र सिद्धांत]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Ligand Field Theory | |Ligand Field Theory | ||
Line 1,527: | Line 1,781: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[लिगेंड]] | |[[लिगेंड]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Ligands | |Ligands | ||
Line 1,533: | Line 1,788: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[लिंकेज समावयवता]] | |[[लिंकेज समावयवता]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Linkage Isomerism | |Linkage Isomerism | ||
Line 1,539: | Line 1,795: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[मेरिडियनल समावयवी]] | |[[मेरिडियनल समावयवी]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Meridional isomer | |Meridional isomer | ||
Line 1,545: | Line 1,802: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[धातु कार्बोनिल्]] | |[[धातु कार्बोनिल्]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Metal Carbonyls | |Metal Carbonyls | ||
Line 1,551: | Line 1,809: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[प्रकाशिक समावयवता]] | |[[प्रकाशिक समावयवता]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Mononuclear Coordination Compound | |Mononuclear Coordination Compound | ||
Line 1,557: | Line 1,816: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[ध्रुवण समावयवता]] | |[[ध्रुवण समावयवता]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Optical Isomerism | |Optical Isomerism | ||
Line 1,563: | Line 1,823: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[बहुदंत्ती]] | |[[बहुदंत्ती]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Polydentate | |Polydentate | ||
Line 1,569: | Line 1,830: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[प्राथमिक संयोजकता]] | |[[प्राथमिक संयोजकता]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Primary valence | |Primary valence | ||
Line 1,575: | Line 1,837: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[द्वितीयक संयोजकता]] | |[[द्वितीयक संयोजकता]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Secondary valence | |Secondary valence | ||
Line 1,581: | Line 1,844: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[विलायकयोजन समावयवता]] | |[[विलायकयोजन समावयवता]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Solvate Isomerism | |Solvate Isomerism | ||
Line 1,587: | Line 1,851: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[प्रबल क्षेत्र लिगेंड]] | |[[प्रबल क्षेत्र लिगेंड]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Strong Field Ligand | |Strong Field Ligand | ||
Line 1,593: | Line 1,858: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[ट्रांस समावयवी]] | |[[ट्रांस समावयवी]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Trans Isomer | |Trans Isomer | ||
Line 1,598: | Line 1,864: | ||
|'''10''' | |'''10''' | ||
|'''हैलोएल्केन तथा हैलोएरीन''' | |'''हैलोएल्केन तथा हैलोएरीन''' | ||
| | |||
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|'''Haloalkanes and Haloarenes''' | |'''Haloalkanes and Haloarenes''' | ||
Line 1,605: | Line 1,872: | ||
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|[[एल्किल हैलाइड]] | |[[एल्किल हैलाइड]] | ||
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|Alkyl halides | |Alkyl halides | ||
Line 1,611: | Line 1,879: | ||
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|[[एल्कीन]] | |[[एल्कीन]] | ||
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|Alkene | |Alkene | ||
Line 1,617: | Line 1,886: | ||
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|[[असममित कार्बन]] | |[[असममित कार्बन]] | ||
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|Asymmetric Carbon | |Asymmetric Carbon | ||
Line 1,623: | Line 1,893: | ||
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|[[आणविक असममिता]] | |[[आणविक असममिता]] | ||
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|Molecular Asymmetry | |Molecular Asymmetry | ||
Line 1,629: | Line 1,900: | ||
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|[[इलेक्ट्रॉनरागी प्रतिस्थापन]] | |[[इलेक्ट्रॉनरागी प्रतिस्थापन]] | ||
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|Electrophilic Substitution | |Electrophilic Substitution | ||
Line 1,635: | Line 1,907: | ||
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|[[उभयदंती नाभिकरागी]] | |[[उभयदंती नाभिकरागी]] | ||
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|Ambident Nucleophile | |Ambident Nucleophile | ||
Line 1,641: | Line 1,914: | ||
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|[[एकाण्विक नाभिकरागी प्रतिस्थापन]] | |[[एकाण्विक नाभिकरागी प्रतिस्थापन]] | ||
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|Substitution Nucleophilic unimolecular | |Substitution Nucleophilic unimolecular | ||
Line 1,647: | Line 1,921: | ||
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|[[अकाइरल]] | |[[अकाइरल]] | ||
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|Achiral | |Achiral | ||
Line 1,653: | Line 1,928: | ||
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|[[एरिल हैलाइड]] | |[[एरिल हैलाइड]] | ||
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|Aryl Halides | |Aryl Halides | ||
Line 1,659: | Line 1,935: | ||
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|[[एलिलिक हैलाइड]] | |[[एलिलिक हैलाइड]] | ||
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|Allylic Halides | |Allylic Halides | ||
Line 1,665: | Line 1,942: | ||
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|[[एल्किल हैलाइड]] | |[[एल्किल हैलाइड]] | ||
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|Alkyl Halide | |Alkyl Halide | ||
Line 1,671: | Line 1,949: | ||
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|[[एल्कीन]] | |[[एल्कीन]] | ||
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|Alkenes | |Alkenes | ||
Line 1,677: | Line 1,956: | ||
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|[[काइरलता]] | |[[काइरलता]] | ||
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|Chirality | |Chirality | ||
Line 1,683: | Line 1,963: | ||
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|[[कार्बधात्विक यौगिक]] | |[[कार्बधात्विक यौगिक]] | ||
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|Organometallic Compounds | |Organometallic Compounds | ||
Line 1,689: | Line 1,970: | ||
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|[[कार्बोधनायन]] | |[[कार्बोधनायन]] | ||
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|Carbocation | |Carbocation | ||
Line 1,695: | Line 1,977: | ||
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|[[ग्रिग्नार्ड अभिकर्मक]] | |[[ग्रिग्नार्ड अभिकर्मक]] | ||
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|Grignard Reagent | |Grignard Reagent | ||
Line 1,701: | Line 1,984: | ||
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|[[जेमिनल हैलाइड्]] | |[[जेमिनल हैलाइड्]] | ||
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|Geminal Halides | |Geminal Halides | ||
Line 1,707: | Line 1,991: | ||
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|[[डी.डी.टी]] | |[[डी.डी.टी]] | ||
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|DDT | |DDT | ||
Line 1,713: | Line 1,998: | ||
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|[[ध्रुवण अघूर्णक]] | |[[ध्रुवण अघूर्णक]] | ||
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|Optically Inactive | |Optically Inactive | ||
Line 1,719: | Line 2,005: | ||
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|[[द्विआण्विक नाभिकरागी प्रतिस्थापन]] | |[[द्विआण्विक नाभिकरागी प्रतिस्थापन]] | ||
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|Substitution Nucleophilic Bimolecular | |Substitution Nucleophilic Bimolecular | ||
Line 1,725: | Line 2,012: | ||
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|[[नाभिकरागी प्रतिस्थापन]] | |[[नाभिकरागी प्रतिस्थापन]] | ||
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|Nucleophilic Substitution | |Nucleophilic Substitution | ||
Line 1,731: | Line 2,019: | ||
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|[[प्रतिबिम्ब रूप]] | |[[प्रतिबिम्ब रूप]] | ||
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|Enantiomers | |Enantiomers | ||
Line 1,737: | Line 2,026: | ||
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|[[प्रोटिक विलायक]] | |[[प्रोटिक विलायक]] | ||
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|Protic Solvents | |Protic Solvents | ||
Line 1,743: | Line 2,033: | ||
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|[[फिंकेलस्टाइन अभिक्रिया]] | |[[फिंकेलस्टाइन अभिक्रिया]] | ||
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|Finkelstein Reaction | |Finkelstein Reaction | ||
Line 1,749: | Line 2,040: | ||
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|[[फ्रेऑन प्रशीतक]] | |[[फ्रेऑन प्रशीतक]] | ||
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|Freon Refrigerant | |Freon Refrigerant | ||
Line 1,755: | Line 2,047: | ||
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|[[बेन्जिलिक हैलाइड्]] | |[[बेन्जिलिक हैलाइड्]] | ||
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|Benzylic Halides | |Benzylic Halides | ||
Line 1,761: | Line 2,054: | ||
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|[[मुक्त मूलक]] | |[[मुक्त मूलक]] | ||
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|Free Radical | |Free Radical | ||
Line 1,767: | Line 2,061: | ||
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|[[रेसमिक मिश्रण]] | |[[रेसमिक मिश्रण]] | ||
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|Racemic Mixture | |Racemic Mixture | ||
Line 1,773: | Line 2,068: | ||
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|[[रेसमीसीकरण]] | |[[रेसमीसीकरण]] | ||
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|Racemisation | |Racemisation | ||
Line 1,779: | Line 2,075: | ||
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|[[वामवर्ती]] | |[[वामवर्ती]] | ||
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|Laevorotatory | |Laevorotatory | ||
Line 1,785: | Line 2,082: | ||
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|[[विन्यास का प्रतिलोमन]] | |[[विन्यास का प्रतिलोमन]] | ||
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|Inversion Configuration | |Inversion Configuration | ||
Line 1,791: | Line 2,089: | ||
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|[[वुर्ट्ज अभिक्रिया]] | |[[वुर्ट्ज अभिक्रिया]] | ||
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|Wurtz Reaction | |Wurtz Reaction | ||
Line 1,797: | Line 2,096: | ||
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|[[वुर्ट्ज फिटिंग अभिक्रिया]] | |[[वुर्ट्ज फिटिंग अभिक्रिया]] | ||
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|Wurtz Fittig Reaction | |Wurtz Fittig Reaction | ||
Line 1,803: | Line 2,103: | ||
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|[[विसिनल डाइब्रोमाइड]] | |[[विसिनल डाइब्रोमाइड]] | ||
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|Vicinal dibromide | |Vicinal dibromide | ||
Line 1,809: | Line 2,110: | ||
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|[[विसिनल हैलाइड]] | |[[विसिनल हैलाइड]] | ||
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|Vicinal Halides | |Vicinal Halides | ||
Line 1,815: | Line 2,117: | ||
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|[[सैण्डमेयर अभिक्रिया]] | |[[सैण्डमेयर अभिक्रिया]] | ||
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|Sandmeyer's Reaction | |Sandmeyer's Reaction | ||
Line 1,821: | Line 2,124: | ||
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|[[स्वार्ट्स अभिक्रिया]] | |[[स्वार्ट्स अभिक्रिया]] | ||
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|Swarts Reaction | |Swarts Reaction | ||
Line 1,827: | Line 2,131: | ||
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|[[हेलोएरीन]] | |[[हेलोएरीन]] | ||
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|Haloarene | |Haloarene | ||
Line 1,833: | Line 2,138: | ||
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|[[फिटिंग अभिक्रिया]] | |[[फिटिंग अभिक्रिया]] | ||
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|Fittig reaction | |Fittig reaction | ||
Line 1,839: | Line 2,145: | ||
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|[[हेलोऐल्केन]] | |[[हेलोऐल्केन]] | ||
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|Haloalkane | |Haloalkane | ||
Line 1,844: | Line 2,151: | ||
|'''11''' | |'''11''' | ||
|'''एल्कोहल, फिनॉल और ईथर''' | |'''एल्कोहल, फिनॉल और ईथर''' | ||
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|'''Alcohol, Phenol and Ether''' | |'''Alcohol, Phenol and Ether''' | ||
Line 1,851: | Line 2,159: | ||
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|[[अंतरा आणविक बंध]] | |[[अंतरा आणविक बंध]] | ||
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|Intermolecular bonding | |Intermolecular bonding | ||
Line 1,857: | Line 2,166: | ||
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|[[अंतः आणविक बंधन]] | |[[अंतः आणविक बंधन]] | ||
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|intramolecular bond | |intramolecular bond | ||
Line 1,863: | Line 2,173: | ||
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|[[इलेक्ट्रॉनरागी एरोमैटिक प्रतिस्थापन]] | |[[इलेक्ट्रॉनरागी एरोमैटिक प्रतिस्थापन]] | ||
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|Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution | |Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution | ||
Line 1,869: | Line 2,180: | ||
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|[[ईथर]] | |[[ईथर]] | ||
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|Ethers | |Ethers | ||
Line 1,875: | Line 2,187: | ||
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|[[एस्टर]] | |[[एस्टर]] | ||
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|Esters | |Esters | ||
Line 1,881: | Line 2,194: | ||
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|[[एस्टरीकरण]] | |[[एस्टरीकरण]] | ||
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|Esterification | |Esterification | ||
Line 1,887: | Line 2,201: | ||
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|[[एरोमेटिक वलय]] | |[[एरोमेटिक वलय]] | ||
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|Aromatic Ring | |Aromatic Ring | ||
Line 1,893: | Line 2,208: | ||
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|[[एलिलिक एल्कोहल]] | |[[एलिलिक एल्कोहल]] | ||
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|Allylic Alcohol | |Allylic Alcohol | ||
Line 1,899: | Line 2,215: | ||
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|[[एल्कोहल]] | |[[एल्कोहल]] | ||
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|Alcohols | |Alcohols | ||
Line 1,905: | Line 2,222: | ||
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|[[एल्कोहल की अम्लता]] | |[[एल्कोहल की अम्लता]] | ||
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|Acidity of Alcohol | |Acidity of Alcohol | ||
Line 1,911: | Line 2,229: | ||
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|[[कोल्बे अभिक्रिया]] | |[[कोल्बे अभिक्रिया]] | ||
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|Kolbe's Reaction | |Kolbe's Reaction | ||
Line 1,917: | Line 2,236: | ||
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|[[कोल्बे वैधुत अपघटन]] | |[[कोल्बे वैधुत अपघटन]] | ||
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|kolbe electrolysis | |kolbe electrolysis | ||
Line 1,923: | Line 2,243: | ||
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|[[क्यूमीन]] | |[[क्यूमीन]] | ||
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|cumene | |cumene | ||
Line 1,929: | Line 2,250: | ||
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|[[क्लीमेन्सन अपचयन]] | |[[क्लीमेन्सन अपचयन]] | ||
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|clemmensen Reduction | |clemmensen Reduction | ||
Line 1,935: | Line 2,257: | ||
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|[[त्रिविम केंद्र]] | |[[त्रिविम केंद्र]] | ||
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|stereo center | |stereo center | ||
Line 1,941: | Line 2,264: | ||
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|[[प्रणोदक]] | |[[प्रणोदक]] | ||
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|Propellant | |Propellant | ||
Line 1,947: | Line 2,271: | ||
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|[[फिनॉल]] | |[[फिनॉल]] | ||
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|Phenols | |Phenols | ||
Line 1,953: | Line 2,278: | ||
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|[[फिनॉल की अम्लता]] | |[[फिनॉल की अम्लता]] | ||
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|Acidity of Phenols | |Acidity of Phenols | ||
Line 1,959: | Line 2,285: | ||
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|[[बेंज़िलिक एल्कोहल]] | |[[बेंज़िलिक एल्कोहल]] | ||
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|Benzylic Alcohol | |Benzylic Alcohol | ||
Line 1,965: | Line 2,292: | ||
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|[[योगोत्पाद]] | |[[योगोत्पाद]] | ||
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|Adduct | |Adduct | ||
Line 1,971: | Line 2,299: | ||
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|[[रीमर-टीमन अभिक्रिया]] | |[[रीमर-टीमन अभिक्रिया]] | ||
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|Reimer-Tiemann Reation | |Reimer-Tiemann Reation | ||
Line 1,977: | Line 2,306: | ||
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|[[लुकास परीक्षण]] | |[[लुकास परीक्षण]] | ||
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|lucas Test | |lucas Test | ||
Line 1,983: | Line 2,313: | ||
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|[[विनाइल एल्कोहल]] | |[[विनाइल एल्कोहल]] | ||
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|Vinylic Alcohol | |Vinylic Alcohol | ||
Line 1,989: | Line 2,320: | ||
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|[[विलियमसन संश्लेषण]] | |[[विलियमसन संश्लेषण]] | ||
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|Williamson Synthesis | |Williamson Synthesis | ||
Line 1,994: | Line 2,326: | ||
|'''12''' | |'''12''' | ||
|'''एल्डिहाइड, कीटोन और कार्बोक्सिलिक अम्ल''' | |'''एल्डिहाइड, कीटोन और कार्बोक्सिलिक अम्ल''' | ||
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|'''Aldehyde, Ketone and carboxylic acid''' | |'''Aldehyde, Ketone and carboxylic acid''' | ||
Line 2,001: | Line 2,334: | ||
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|[[इलेक्ट्रॉन अपनयक समूह]] | |[[इलेक्ट्रॉन अपनयक समूह]] | ||
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|Electron withdrawing group | |Electron withdrawing group | ||
Line 2,007: | Line 2,341: | ||
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|[[इलेक्ट्रॉन दाता समूह]] | |[[इलेक्ट्रॉन दाता समूह]] | ||
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|Electron Donating group | |Electron Donating group | ||
Line 2,013: | Line 2,348: | ||
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|[[ईटर्ड अभिक्रिया]] | |[[ईटर्ड अभिक्रिया]] | ||
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|Etard Reaction | |Etard Reaction | ||
Line 2,019: | Line 2,355: | ||
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|[[एल्काइलबेंजीन]] | |[[एल्काइलबेंजीन]] | ||
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|Alkylbenzenes | |Alkylbenzenes | ||
Line 2,025: | Line 2,362: | ||
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|[[एल्डिहाइड]] | |[[एल्डिहाइड]] | ||
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|Aldehyde | |Aldehyde | ||
Line 2,031: | Line 2,369: | ||
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|[[एल्डोल अभिक्रिया]] | |[[एल्डोल अभिक्रिया]] | ||
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|Aldol Reaction | |Aldol Reaction | ||
Line 2,037: | Line 2,376: | ||
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|[[एल्डोल संघनन]] | |[[एल्डोल संघनन]] | ||
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|Aldol condensation | |Aldol condensation | ||
Line 2,043: | Line 2,383: | ||
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|[[कार्बोक्सिलिक अम्ल]] | |[[कार्बोक्सिलिक अम्ल]] | ||
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|Carboxylic Acid | |Carboxylic Acid | ||
Line 2,049: | Line 2,390: | ||
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|[[कैनिजारो अभिक्रिया]] | |[[कैनिजारो अभिक्रिया]] | ||
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|Cannizzaro Reaction | |Cannizzaro Reaction | ||
Line 2,055: | Line 2,397: | ||
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|[[क्रॉस एल्डोल संघनन]] | |[[क्रॉस एल्डोल संघनन]] | ||
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|Cross Aldol Condensation | |Cross Aldol Condensation | ||
Line 2,061: | Line 2,404: | ||
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|[[गाटरमान अभिक्रिया]] | |[[गाटरमान अभिक्रिया]] | ||
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|Gatterman Reaction | |Gatterman Reaction | ||
Line 2,067: | Line 2,411: | ||
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|[[गाटरमान-कॉख अभिक्रिया]] | |[[गाटरमान-कॉख अभिक्रिया]] | ||
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|Gattermann-Koch reaction | |Gattermann-Koch reaction | ||
Line 2,073: | Line 2,418: | ||
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|[[गोलाकार प्रोटीन]] | |[[गोलाकार प्रोटीन]] | ||
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|Globular Protein | |Globular Protein | ||
Line 2,079: | Line 2,425: | ||
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|[[टॉलेन परीक्षण]] | |[[टॉलेन परीक्षण]] | ||
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|Tollen's Test | |Tollen's Test | ||
Line 2,085: | Line 2,432: | ||
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|[[ध्रुवता]] | |[[ध्रुवता]] | ||
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|Polarity | |Polarity | ||
Line 2,091: | Line 2,439: | ||
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|[[पॉलीहाइड्रिक यौगिक]] | |[[पॉलीहाइड्रिक यौगिक]] | ||
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|Polyhydric Compounds | |Polyhydric Compounds | ||
Line 2,097: | Line 2,446: | ||
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|[[फेहलिंग परीक्षण]] | |[[फेहलिंग परीक्षण]] | ||
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|Fehling's test | |Fehling's test | ||
Line 2,103: | Line 2,453: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[फ्रीडल-क्राफ्ट् अभिक्रिया]] | |[[फ्रीडल-क्राफ्ट् अभिक्रिया]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Friedal-Crafts Reactions | |Friedal-Crafts Reactions | ||
Line 2,109: | Line 2,460: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[बेयर अभिकर्मक]] | |[[बेयर अभिकर्मक]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Baeyer's Reagent | |Baeyer's Reagent | ||
Line 2,115: | Line 2,467: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[रोजेनमुण्ड अपचयन]] | |[[रोजेनमुण्ड अपचयन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Rosenmund Reduction | |Rosenmund Reduction | ||
Line 2,121: | Line 2,474: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[रोशेल लवण]] | |[[रोशेल लवण]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Rochelle Salt | |Rochelle Salt | ||
Line 2,127: | Line 2,481: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[वलय प्रतिस्थापन]] | |[[वलय प्रतिस्थापन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Ring Substitution | |Ring Substitution | ||
Line 2,133: | Line 2,488: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[वसा अम्ल]] | |[[वसा अम्ल]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Fatty Acid | |Fatty Acid | ||
Line 2,139: | Line 2,495: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[विकृतीकरण]] | |[[विकृतीकरण]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Denaturation | |Denaturation | ||
Line 2,145: | Line 2,502: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[वोल्फ-किशनर अपचयन]] | |[[वोल्फ-किशनर अपचयन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Wolf-Kishner Reduction | |Wolf-Kishner Reduction | ||
Line 2,151: | Line 2,509: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[स्टीफन अपचयन]] | |[[स्टीफन अपचयन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Stephen Reaction | |Stephen Reaction | ||
Line 2,157: | Line 2,516: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[हेल-वोल्हार्ड ज़ेलिंस्की अभिक्रिया]] | |[[हेल-वोल्हार्ड ज़ेलिंस्की अभिक्रिया]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Hell-Volhard Zelinsky reaction | |Hell-Volhard Zelinsky reaction | ||
Line 2,163: | Line 2,523: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[विकृतीकरण]] | |[[विकृतीकरण]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Denaturation | |Denaturation | ||
Line 2,169: | Line 2,530: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[हेलोफॉर्म अभिक्रिया]] | |[[हेलोफॉर्म अभिक्रिया]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Haloform Reaction | |Haloform Reaction | ||
Line 2,174: | Line 2,536: | ||
|13 | |13 | ||
|[[एमीन]] | |[[एमीन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Amine | |Amine | ||
Line 2,181: | Line 2,544: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[अमोनोलिसिस]] | |[[अमोनोलिसिस]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Ammonolysis | |Ammonolysis | ||
Line 2,187: | Line 2,551: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[एमीन]] | |[[एमीन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Amine | |Amine | ||
Line 2,193: | Line 2,558: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[एज़ो रंजक]] | |[[एज़ो रंजक]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Azo dyes | |Azo dyes | ||
Line 2,199: | Line 2,565: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[एरिल एमीन]] | |[[एरिल एमीन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Arylamines | |Arylamines | ||
Line 2,205: | Line 2,572: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[ऐल्किलीकरण]] | |[[ऐल्किलीकरण]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Alkylation | |Alkylation | ||
Line 2,211: | Line 2,579: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[एल्केन ऐमीन]] | |[[एल्केन ऐमीन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Alkanamines | |Alkanamines | ||
Line 2,217: | Line 2,586: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[एसिलन]] | |[[एसिलन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Acylation | |Acylation | ||
Line 2,223: | Line 2,593: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[कार्बिल एमीन अभिक्रिया]] | |[[कार्बिल एमीन अभिक्रिया]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Carbylamine Reaction | |Carbylamine Reaction | ||
Line 2,229: | Line 2,600: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[कार्बोहाइड्रेट]] | |[[कार्बोहाइड्रेट]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Carbohydrates | |Carbohydrates | ||
Line 2,235: | Line 2,607: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[गेब्रियल थैलिमाइड संश्लेषण]] | |[[गेब्रियल थैलिमाइड संश्लेषण]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Gabriel Phthalimide Synthesis | |Gabriel Phthalimide Synthesis | ||
Line 2,241: | Line 2,614: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[डाइऐजोकरण]] | |[[डाइऐजोकरण]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Diazotisation | |Diazotisation | ||
Line 2,247: | Line 2,621: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[डाइऐजोनियम लवण]] | |[[डाइऐजोनियम लवण]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Diazonium Salt | |Diazonium Salt | ||
Line 2,253: | Line 2,628: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[लुईस क्षारक]] | |[[लुईस क्षारक]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Lewis Base | |Lewis Base | ||
Line 2,259: | Line 2,635: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[संरचना- क्षारकता संबंध]] | |[[संरचना- क्षारकता संबंध]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Structure- Basicity relationship | |Structure- Basicity relationship | ||
Line 2,265: | Line 2,642: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[सल्फोनीकरण]] | |[[सल्फोनीकरण]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Sulphonation | |Sulphonation | ||
Line 2,271: | Line 2,649: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[हॉफमैन ब्रोमामाइड अभिक्रिया]] | |[[हॉफमैन ब्रोमामाइड अभिक्रिया]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Hoffmann Bromamide Reaction | |Hoffmann Bromamide Reaction | ||
Line 2,277: | Line 2,656: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[हिंसबर्ग अभिकर्मक]] | |[[हिंसबर्ग अभिकर्मक]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Hinsberg's Reagent | |Hinsberg's Reagent | ||
Line 2,282: | Line 2,662: | ||
|'''14''' | |'''14''' | ||
|'''[[जैव अणु]]''' | |'''[[जैव अणु]]''' | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|'''Biomolecules''' | |'''Biomolecules''' | ||
Line 2,289: | Line 2,670: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[स्थानांतरण-आरएनए]] | |[[स्थानांतरण-आरएनए]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Transfer-RNA | |Transfer-RNA | ||
Line 2,295: | Line 2,677: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[आइसोल्यूसिन]] | |[[आइसोल्यूसिन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Isoleucine | |Isoleucine | ||
Line 2,301: | Line 2,684: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[ऑक्सीडोरिडक्टेज]] | |[[ऑक्सीडोरिडक्टेज]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Oxidoreductase | |Oxidoreductase | ||
Line 2,307: | Line 2,691: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[आर्जिनिन]] | |[[आर्जिनिन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Arginine | |Arginine | ||
Line 2,313: | Line 2,698: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[एन्जाइम]] | |[[एन्जाइम]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Enzymes | |Enzymes | ||
Line 2,319: | Line 2,705: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[ऐनोमर]] | |[[ऐनोमर]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Anomers | |Anomers | ||
Line 2,325: | Line 2,712: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[एमाइलोज]] | |[[एमाइलोज]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Amylose | |Amylose | ||
Line 2,331: | Line 2,719: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[एमिलोपेक्टिन]] | |[[एमिलोपेक्टिन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Amylopectin | |Amylopectin | ||
Line 2,337: | Line 2,726: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[एमीनो अम्ल]] | |[[एमीनो अम्ल]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Amino acids | |Amino acids | ||
Line 2,343: | Line 2,733: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[एल्डोपेंटोज]] | |[[एल्डोपेंटोज]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Aldopentose | |Aldopentose | ||
Line 2,349: | Line 2,740: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[एसिलीकरण]] | |[[एसिलीकरण]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Acylation | |Acylation | ||
Line 2,355: | Line 2,747: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[एस्पार्टिक अम्ल]] | |[[एस्पार्टिक अम्ल]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Aspartic Acid | |Aspartic Acid | ||
Line 2,361: | Line 2,754: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[एस्पेराजीन]] | |[[एस्पेराजीन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Asparagine | |Asparagine | ||
Line 2,367: | Line 2,761: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[ओलिगोसेकेराइड]] | |[[ओलिगोसेकेराइड]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Oligosaccharide | |Oligosaccharide | ||
Line 2,373: | Line 2,768: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[ग्लूकोनिक अम्ल]] | |[[ग्लूकोनिक अम्ल]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Gluconic Acid | |Gluconic Acid | ||
Line 2,379: | Line 2,775: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[ग्लूकोज]] | |[[ग्लूकोज]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Glucose | |Glucose | ||
Line 2,385: | Line 2,782: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[ग्लूटामाइन]] | |[[ग्लूटामाइन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Glutamine | |Glutamine | ||
Line 2,391: | Line 2,789: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[ग्लूटॉमिक अम्ल]] | |[[ग्लूटॉमिक अम्ल]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Glutamic Acid | |Glutamic Acid | ||
Line 2,397: | Line 2,796: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[ग्लिसरल्डिहाइड]] | |[[ग्लिसरल्डिहाइड]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Glyceraldehyde | |Glyceraldehyde | ||
Line 2,403: | Line 2,803: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[जल में घुलनशील विटामिन]] | |[[जल में घुलनशील विटामिन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Water Soluble Vitamin | |Water Soluble Vitamin | ||
Line 2,409: | Line 2,810: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[जैव अणु]] | |[[जैव अणु]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Biomolecules | |Biomolecules | ||
Line 2,415: | Line 2,817: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[टाइरोसिन]] | |[[टाइरोसिन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Tyrosine | |Tyrosine | ||
Line 2,421: | Line 2,824: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[ट्राईसैकेराइड्]] | |[[ट्राईसैकेराइड्]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Trisaccharides | |Trisaccharides | ||
Line 2,427: | Line 2,831: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[ट्रिप्टोफेन]] | |[[ट्रिप्टोफेन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Tryptophan | |Tryptophan | ||
Line 2,433: | Line 2,838: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[डाइसैकेराइड्]] | |[[डाइसैकेराइड्]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Disaccharides | |Disaccharides | ||
Line 2,439: | Line 2,845: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[थ्रिओनीन]] | |[[थ्रिओनीन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Threonine | |Threonine | ||
Line 2,445: | Line 2,852: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[पाइरेनोज़ संरचना]] | |[[पाइरेनोज़ संरचना]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Pyranose structure | |Pyranose structure | ||
Line 2,451: | Line 2,859: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[प्राणी मंड]] | |[[प्राणी मंड]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Animal Starch | |Animal Starch | ||
Line 2,457: | Line 2,866: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[विकृतीकरण प्रोटीन]] | |[[विकृतीकरण प्रोटीन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Denaturation Protein | |Denaturation Protein | ||
Line 2,463: | Line 2,873: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[प्रोलिन]] | |[[प्रोलिन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Proline | |Proline | ||
Line 2,469: | Line 2,880: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[फेनिलएलानिन]] | |[[फेनिलएलानिन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Phenylalanine | |Phenylalanine | ||
Line 2,475: | Line 2,887: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[फुरेनोस]] | |[[फुरेनोस]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Furanose | |Furanose | ||
Line 2,481: | Line 2,894: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[फ्रुक्टोज]] | |[[फ्रुक्टोज]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Fructose | |Fructose | ||
Line 2,487: | Line 2,901: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[मंड]] | |[[मंड]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Starch | |Starch | ||
Line 2,493: | Line 2,908: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[मेथिओनाइन]] | |[[मेथिओनाइन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Methionine | |Methionine | ||
Line 2,499: | Line 2,915: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[मोनोसैकराइड्]] | |[[मोनोसैकराइड्]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Monosaccharides | |Monosaccharides | ||
Line 2,505: | Line 2,922: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[राइबोज़]] | |[[राइबोज़]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Ribose | |Ribose | ||
Line 2,511: | Line 2,929: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[राइबोसोमल-आरएनए]] | |[[राइबोसोमल-आरएनए]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Ribosomal-RNA | |Ribosomal-RNA | ||
Line 2,517: | Line 2,936: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[रेशेदार प्रोटीन]] | |[[रेशेदार प्रोटीन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Fibrous Protein | |Fibrous Protein | ||
Line 2,523: | Line 2,943: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[लाइसीन]] | |[[लाइसीन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Lysine | |Lysine | ||
Line 2,529: | Line 2,950: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[ल्यूसीन]] | |[[ल्यूसीन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Leucine | |Leucine | ||
Line 2,535: | Line 2,957: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[वसा में घुलनशील विटामिन]] | |[[वसा में घुलनशील विटामिन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Fat Soluble Vitamin | |Fat Soluble Vitamin | ||
Line 2,541: | Line 2,964: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[विटामिन]] | |[[विटामिन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Vitamin | |Vitamin | ||
Line 2,547: | Line 2,971: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[विषमचक्रीय यौगिक]] | |[[विषमचक्रीय यौगिक]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Heterocyclic Compounds | |Heterocyclic Compounds | ||
Line 2,553: | Line 2,978: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[वैलीन]] | |[[वैलीन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Valine | |Valine | ||
Line 2,559: | Line 2,985: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[सुक्रोज]] | |[[सुक्रोज]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Sucrose | |Sucrose | ||
Line 2,565: | Line 2,992: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[सेरीन]] | |[[सेरीन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Serine | |Serine | ||
Line 2,571: | Line 2,999: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[सेलुलोज]] | |[[सेलुलोज]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Cellulose | |Cellulose | ||
Line 2,577: | Line 3,006: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[हिस्टडीन]] | |[[हिस्टडीन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Histidine | |Histidine | ||
Line 2,583: | Line 3,013: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[हॉवर्थ संरचना]] | |[[हॉवर्थ संरचना]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Haworth Structure | |Haworth Structure | ||
Line 2,588: | Line 3,019: | ||
|'''15''' | |'''15''' | ||
|'''[[बहुलक;|बहुलक]]''' | |'''[[बहुलक;|बहुलक]]''' | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|'''Polymer''' | |'''Polymer''' | ||
Line 2,595: | Line 3,027: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[अर्ध-संश्लेषित बहुलक]] | |[[अर्ध-संश्लेषित बहुलक]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Semi-Synthetic Polymers | |Semi-Synthetic Polymers | ||
Line 2,601: | Line 3,034: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[अल्प घनत्व पॉलिथीन]] | |[[अल्प घनत्व पॉलिथीन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Low Density Polythene | |Low Density Polythene | ||
Line 2,607: | Line 3,041: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[जैव निम्नीकरणीय बहुलक]] | |[[जैव निम्नीकरणीय बहुलक]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Biodegradable polymers | |Biodegradable polymers | ||
Line 2,613: | Line 3,048: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[टेफ्लॉन]] | |[[टेफ्लॉन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Teflon | |Teflon | ||
Line 2,619: | Line 3,055: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[टेरिलीन]] | |[[टेरिलीन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Terylene | |Terylene | ||
Line 2,625: | Line 3,062: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[ताप दृढ़ बहुलक]] | |[[ताप दृढ़ बहुलक]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Thermosetting Polymers | |Thermosetting Polymers | ||
Line 2,631: | Line 3,069: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[ताप सुघट्य बहुलक]] | |[[ताप सुघट्य बहुलक]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Themosetting Polymers | |Themosetting Polymers | ||
Line 2,637: | Line 3,076: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[ज़िग्लर-नट्टा उत्प्रेरक]] | |[[ज़िग्लर-नट्टा उत्प्रेरक]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Ziegler-Natta Catalyst | |Ziegler-Natta Catalyst | ||
Line 2,643: | Line 3,083: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[नायलॉन 6,6]] | |[[नायलॉन 6,6]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Nylon 6,6 | |Nylon 6,6 | ||
Line 2,649: | Line 3,090: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[नायलॉन 6]] | |[[नायलॉन 6]] | ||
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|Nylon 6 | |Nylon 6 | ||
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|[[निओप्रीन]] | |[[निओप्रीन]] | ||
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|Neoprene | |Neoprene | ||
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|[[नोवोलैक]] | |[[नोवोलैक]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Novolac | |Novolac | ||
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|[[पॉलीएमाइड]] | |[[पॉलीएमाइड]] | ||
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|Polyamides | |Polyamides | ||
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|[[पॉलिएस्टर]] | |[[पॉलिएस्टर]] | ||
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|Polyesters | |Polyesters | ||
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|[[पॉलीएक्रिलोनाइट्राइल]] | |[[पॉलीएक्रिलोनाइट्राइल]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Polyacrylonitrile | |Polyacrylonitrile | ||
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|[[पॉलिथीन]] | |[[पॉलिथीन]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Polythene | |Polythene | ||
Line 2,691: | Line 3,139: | ||
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|[[पीएचबीवी]] | |[[पीएचबीवी]] | ||
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|PHBV | |PHBV | ||
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|[[प्राकृतिक बहुलक]] | |[[प्राकृतिक बहुलक]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Natural Polymer | |Natural Polymer | ||
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|[[बहुलक;|बहुलक]] | |[[बहुलक;|बहुलक]] | ||
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|Polymers | |Polymers | ||
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|[[बहुलकीकरण]] | |[[बहुलकीकरण]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Polymerisation | |Polymerisation | ||
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|[[बैकेलाइट]] | |[[बैकेलाइट]] | ||
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|Bakelite | |Bakelite | ||
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|[[ब्यूना-N]] | |[[ब्यूना-N]] | ||
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|Buna-N | |Buna-N | ||
Line 2,727: | Line 3,181: | ||
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|[[ब्यूना-S]] | |[[ब्यूना-S]] | ||
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|Buna-S | |Buna-S | ||
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|[[योगज बहुलक]] | |[[योगज बहुलक]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Addition Polymer | |Addition Polymer | ||
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|[[रबर]] | |[[रबर]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Rubber | |Rubber | ||
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|[[रसायन चिकित्सा]] | |[[रसायन चिकित्सा]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Chemotherapy | |Chemotherapy | ||
Line 2,751: | Line 3,209: | ||
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|[[वल्कनीकरण]] | |[[वल्कनीकरण]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Vulcanisation | |Vulcanisation | ||
Line 2,757: | Line 3,216: | ||
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|[[वैसोडिलेटर]] | |[[वैसोडिलेटर]] | ||
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|Vasodilator | |Vasodilator | ||
Line 2,763: | Line 3,223: | ||
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|[[श्रृंखला प्रारंभिक पद]] | |[[श्रृंखला प्रारंभिक पद]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Chain Initiating Step | |Chain Initiating Step | ||
Line 2,769: | Line 3,230: | ||
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|[[श्रृंखला संचरण पद]] | |[[श्रृंखला संचरण पद]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Chain propagating step | |Chain propagating step | ||
Line 2,775: | Line 3,237: | ||
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|[[श्रृंखला समापन पद]] | |[[श्रृंखला समापन पद]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Chain terminating step | |Chain terminating step | ||
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|[[संदेशवाहक-आरएनए]] | |[[संदेशवाहक-आरएनए]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Messenger-RNA | |Messenger-RNA | ||
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|[[संघनन बहुलक]] | |[[संघनन बहुलक]] | ||
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|Condensation polymer | |Condensation polymer | ||
Line 2,793: | Line 3,258: | ||
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|[[संश्लेषित रबर]] | |[[संश्लेषित रबर]] | ||
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|Synthetic rubber | |Synthetic rubber | ||
Line 2,799: | Line 3,265: | ||
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|[[संश्लेषित बहुलक]] | |[[संश्लेषित बहुलक]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Synthetic Polymer | |Synthetic Polymer | ||
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|[[सहबहुलक]] | |[[सहबहुलक]] | ||
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|Copolymers | |Copolymers | ||
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|[[सहबहुलकन]] | |[[सहबहुलकन]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Copolymerization | |Copolymerization | ||
Line 2,816: | Line 3,285: | ||
|'''16''' | |'''16''' | ||
|'''दैनिक जीवन में रसायन''' | |'''दैनिक जीवन में रसायन''' | ||
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| | | | ||
|'''Chemistry in daily life''' | |'''Chemistry in daily life''' | ||
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|[[अति अम्लता]] | |[[अति अम्लता]] | ||
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|Hyperacidity | |Hyperacidity | ||
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|[[अस्वापक पीड़ाहारी]] | |[[अस्वापक पीड़ाहारी]] | ||
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|Non-narcotic analgesics | |Non-narcotic analgesics | ||
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|[[एंजाइमों की उत्प्रेरक क्रिया]] | |[[एंजाइमों की उत्प्रेरक क्रिया]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Catalytic action of enzymes | |Catalytic action of enzymes | ||
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|[[एन्जाइम संदमक]] | |[[एन्जाइम संदमक]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Enzyme inhibitors | |Enzyme inhibitors | ||
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|[[एलोस्टीरिक सतह]] | |[[एलोस्टीरिक सतह]] | ||
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|Allosteric site | |Allosteric site | ||
Line 2,853: | Line 3,328: | ||
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|[[एस्पिरिन]] | |[[एस्पिरिन]] | ||
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|Aspirin | |Aspirin | ||
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|[[औषध]] | |[[औषध]] | ||
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|Drugs | |Drugs | ||
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|[[औषध लक्ष्य अन्योन्य क्रिया]] | |[[औषध लक्ष्य अन्योन्य क्रिया]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Drug- target interaction | |Drug- target interaction | ||
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|[[औषध एन्जाइम अन्योन्य क्रिया]] | |[[औषध एन्जाइम अन्योन्य क्रिया]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Drug- enzyme interaction | |Drug- enzyme interaction | ||
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|[[औषधीय साबुन]] | |[[औषधीय साबुन]] | ||
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|Medicated soaps | |Medicated soaps | ||
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|[[कीटोन]] | |[[कीटोन]] | ||
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|Ketones | |Ketones | ||
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|[[कृत्रिम मधुरक]] | |[[कृत्रिम मधुरक]] | ||
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|Artificial sweetening agents | |Artificial sweetening agents | ||
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|[[जीवाणुनाशी]] | |[[जीवाणुनाशी]] | ||
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|Bacteriostatic | |Bacteriostatic | ||
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|[[जीवाणु निरोधी]] | |[[जीवाणु निरोधी]] | ||
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|Bacteriostatic | |Bacteriostatic | ||
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|[[धुलाई के साबुन]] | |[[धुलाई के साबुन]] | ||
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|Laundry soap | |Laundry soap | ||
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|[[परिरक्षक]] | |[[परिरक्षक]] | ||
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|Preservatives | |Preservatives | ||
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|[[पायसीकारक]] | |[[पायसीकारक]] | ||
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|Emulsifiers | |Emulsifiers | ||
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|[[पारदर्शी साबुन]] | |[[पारदर्शी साबुन]] | ||
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|Transparent soaps | |Transparent soaps | ||
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|[[पीड़ाहारी]] | |[[पीड़ाहारी]] | ||
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|Analgesics | |Analgesics | ||
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|[[पूर्तिरोधी]] | |[[पूर्तिरोधी]] | ||
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|Antiseptic | |Antiseptic | ||
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|[[प्रतिअम्ल]] | |[[प्रतिअम्ल]] | ||
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|Antacids | |Antacids | ||
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|[[प्रतिअवसादक औषध]] | |[[प्रतिअवसादक औषध]] | ||
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|Antidepressant drugs | |Antidepressant drugs | ||
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|[[प्रतिजनन क्षमता औषध]] | |[[प्रतिजनन क्षमता औषध]] | ||
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|Antifertility Drugs | |Antifertility Drugs | ||
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|[[प्रतिजैविक]] | |[[प्रतिजैविक]] | ||
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|Antibiotics | |Antibiotics | ||
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|[[प्रति सूक्ष्म जैविक]] | |[[प्रति सूक्ष्म जैविक]] | ||
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|Antimicrobial | |Antimicrobial | ||
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|[[प्रशांतक]] | |[[प्रशांतक]] | ||
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|Tranquilizers | |Tranquilizers | ||
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|[[प्रसाधन साबुन]] | |[[प्रसाधन साबुन]] | ||
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|Toilet soaps | |Toilet soaps | ||
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|[[बार्बिट्यूरेट]] | |[[बार्बिट्यूरेट]] | ||
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|Barbiturates | |Barbiturates | ||
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|[[मधुरक]] | |[[मधुरक]] | ||
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|Sweeteners | |Sweeteners | ||
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|[[मार्जन साबुन]] | |[[मार्जन साबुन]] | ||
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|Scouring soaps | |Scouring soaps | ||
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|[[रासायनिक संदेशवाहक]] | |[[रासायनिक संदेशवाहक]] | ||
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|Chemical messengers | |Chemical messengers | ||
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|[[लक्ष्य-अणु]] | |[[लक्ष्य-अणु]] | ||
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|Molecular Targets | |Molecular Targets | ||
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|[[विस्तृत स्पेक्ट्रम प्रतिजीवाणु]] | |[[विस्तृत स्पेक्ट्रम प्रतिजीवाणु]] | ||
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|Broad spectrum antibiotics | |Broad spectrum antibiotics | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
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Revision as of 16:29, 23 August 2023
S.No | अध्याय-सूची | विषय-सूची | Article Creator Name | Chapters | Topic |
1 | ठोस अवस्था | Solid State | |||
अक्रिस्टलीय ठोस | Amorphous Solid | ||||
क्रिस्टलीय ठोस | Crystalline solid | ||||
विषमदैशिक | Anisotropic | ||||
ध्रुवीय आणविक ठोस | Polar Molecular Solids | ||||
अध्रुवीय आण्विक ठोस | Nonpolar Molecular Solids | ||||
विस्थापन दोष | Dislocation defect | ||||
इलेक्ट्रॉन छिद्र | Electron hole | ||||
इलेक्ट्रॉन रिक्त | Electron Vacancy | ||||
इलेक्ट्रॉन दोष | Electron Defect | ||||
अंतर आणविक बल | Intermolecular Forces | ||||
आंतरिक अर्धचालक | Intrinsic Semiconductors | ||||
आयनिक ठोस | Ionic Solids | ||||
धात्विक ठोस | Metallic Solids | ||||
छद्म ठोस | Pseudo Solids | ||||
ठोस अवस्था | Solid State | ||||
आध एवं एकक कोष्ठिका | Unit Cells | ||||
अन्तः केंद्रित घनीय एकक कोष्ठिका | End-centred unit | ||||
फलक केंद्रित घनीय एकक कोष्ठिका | Face-centred unit | ||||
निविड़ संकुलित संरचनाएं | Body-Centred unit | ||||
बोहर मैग्नेटन | Bohr Magneton | ||||
रिक्तिका दोष | Vacancy Defect | ||||
संकुलन क्षमता | Packing Efficiency | ||||
रेखीय दोष | Line Defects | ||||
बिंदु दोष | Point Defects | ||||
स्टॉइकियोमीट्री दोष | Stoichiometric Defects | ||||
क्रिस्टल दोष | Crystal Defects | ||||
अंतराकाशी दोष | Interstitial Defect | ||||
फ्रेंकल दोष | Frenkel Defect | ||||
इलेक्ट्रॉनिक दोष | Electronic Defect | ||||
शॉटकी दोष | Schottky Solids | ||||
अशुद्धता दोष | Impurity Defect | ||||
नॉन स्टॉइकियोमीट्री दोष | Non Stoichiometric Defects | ||||
धातु आधिक्य दोष | Metal excess Defects | ||||
धातु न्यूनता दोष | metal deficiency defect | ||||
चालक | Conductors | ||||
विद्युतरोधी | insulated | ||||
अर्धचालक | Semiconductor | ||||
अष्टफलकीय ठोस | Octahedral solids | ||||
चतुष्फलकीय रिक्तिकाएँ | Tetrahedral Voids | ||||
अनुचुंबकत्व | Paramagnetism | ||||
लोहचुंबकत्व | Ferromagnetism | ||||
प्रतिलोहचुंबकत्व | Antiferromagnetism | ||||
समन्वय संख्या | Coordination Number | ||||
अवोगाद्रो स्थिरांक | Avogadro Constant | ||||
जालक बिंदु | Bravais Lattices | ||||
बृहत अणु | Giant Molecules | ||||
अतिशीतित द्रव | Supercooled Liquids | ||||
हाइड्रोजन बंधित आणविक | Hydrogen Bonded molecular | ||||
2 | विलयन | Solution | |||
विलयन की सांद्रता | Concentration of Solutions | ||||
द्रव्यमान प्रतिशत(w/w) | Percentage mass per mass | ||||
आयतन प्रतिशत(v/v) | Percentage by volume | ||||
द्रव्यमान आयतन प्रतिशत(w/v) | Percentage mass per volume | ||||
पार्ट्स प्रति मिलियन | Parts per million | ||||
विलेयता | Solubility | ||||
संतृप्त विलयन | Saturated Solution | ||||
असंतृप्त विलयन | Unsaturated Solution | ||||
ले-शातैलिए नियम | Le Chatelier's principle | ||||
हेनरी नियम | Henry's Law | ||||
राउल्ट नियम | Raoult's Law | ||||
डाल्टन के आंशिक दाब नियम | Dalton's Law | ||||
आदर्श विलयन | Ideal Solution | ||||
अनादर्श विलयन | Non-ideal Solution | ||||
अणुसंख्य गुणधर्म | Colligative Properties | ||||
वाष्पदाब का आपेक्षिक अवनमन | Relative Lowering vapour pressure | ||||
क्वथनांक उन्नयन स्थिरांक | Molal elevation constant | ||||
हिमांक का अवनमन | Depression in freezing point | ||||
इबुलियोस्कोपिक स्थिरांक | Ebullioscopic Constant | ||||
क्रायोस्कोपिक स्थिरांक | Cryoscopic Constant | ||||
अर्धपारगम्य झिल्ली | Semipermeable membrane | ||||
परासरण दाब | Osmotic Pressure | ||||
प्रतिलोम परासरण | Reverse Osmosis | ||||
समपरासरी विलयन | Isotonic Solution | ||||
वाष्पदाब | Vapour Pressure | ||||
3 | वैधुतरसायन | Electrochemistry | |||
विधुत अपघट्य | Electrolytes | ||||
वैधुतरसायनिक सेल | Electrochemical cell | ||||
गैल्वैनी सेल | Galvanic Cell | ||||
वोल्टीय सेल | Voltaic Cell | ||||
डेनियल सेल | Daniell Cell | ||||
वैधुत अपघटनी सेल | Electrolytic Cell | ||||
इलेक्ट्रोड विभव | Electrode Potential | ||||
मानक इलेक्ट्रोड विभव | Standard Electrode Potential | ||||
सेल विभव | Cell Potential | ||||
सेल विद्युत वाहक बल (emf) | Electromotive Force | ||||
नेर्न्स्ट समीकरण | Nernst Equation | ||||
प्रतिरोधकता | Resistivity | ||||
मोलर चालकता | Molar Conductivity | ||||
आयनिक चालकता | Ionic Conductance | ||||
विद्युत चालकता | Electrical Conductance | ||||
चालकता (विशिष्ट चालकता) | Conductivity | ||||
व्हीटस्टोन ब्रिज | Wheatstone bridge | ||||
विभव प्रवणता | Potential gradient | ||||
कोलरॉउश | Kohlrausch Law | ||||
फैराडे के नियम | Faraday's Law | ||||
बैटरियां | Batteries | ||||
प्राथमिक बैटरियां | Primary Battery | ||||
द्वितीयक बैटरी | Secondary Battery | ||||
लेक्लांशे सेल | |||||
संचायक सेल | |||||
ईधन सेल | Fuel Cells | ||||
गिब्स ऊर्जा | Gibbs Energy | ||||
रेडॉक्स युग्म | Redox Couples | ||||
4 | रासायनिक बलगतिकी | Chemical Kinetics | |||
रासायनिक अभिक्रिया वेग | Rate of Chemical Reaction | ||||
अभिक्रिया के वेग को प्रभावित करने वाले कारक | rate dependent factors | ||||
अभिक्रिया की कोटि | Order of reaction | ||||
छद्म प्रथम कोटि की अभिक्रिया | Pseudo first order reaction | ||||
वेग स्थिरांक | Rate Constant | ||||
आणविकता | Molecularity of a reaction | ||||
शून्य कोटि की अभिक्रिया | Zero Order Reaction | ||||
प्रथम कोटि की अभिक्रिया | First Order Reaction | ||||
अर्धआयु | Half Life | ||||
आवृत्ति गुणक | Frequency Factor | ||||
सक्रियण | Activated Complex | ||||
अरेहेनियस समीकरण | Arrhenius Equation | ||||
सांद्रता पर दर की निर्भरता | Dependence of rate on Concentration | ||||
सान्द्रता पर ताप की निर्भरता | Temperature dependence of rate | ||||
दर स्थिरांक की इकाई | Unit of Rate Constant | ||||
संघट्ट आवृत्ति | Collision Frequency | ||||
प्रभावी संघट्ट | Effective collision | ||||
5 | पृष्ठ रसायन | Surface Chemistry | |||
अधिशोषण | Adsorption | ||||
अवशोषण | Absorption | ||||
अधिशोष्य | Absorbate | ||||
अधिशोषक | Absorbent | ||||
विशोषण | Sorption | ||||
भौतिक अधिशोषण | Physisorption | ||||
रसायनिक अधिशोषण | Chemisorption | ||||
अधिशोषण समतापी | Adsorption isotherm | ||||
फ्रायन्डलिक समतापी | Freundlich isotherm | ||||
उत्प्रेरण | Catalyst | ||||
जैल | Gels | ||||
समांगी उत्प्रेरण | Homogeneous Catalysis | ||||
विषमांगी उत्प्रेरण | Heterogeneous catalysis | ||||
विषकारक | Inhibitors | ||||
वर्धक | |||||
आकार वर्णात्मक उत्प्रेरण | Shape-Selective catalysis | ||||
एंजाइम उत्प्रेरण | Enzyme catalysis | ||||
जैव रासायनिक उत्प्रेरण | Biochemical Catalysis | ||||
क्राफ्ट तापमान | Kraft Temprature | ||||
ताला कुंजी परिकल्पना | Lock and Key | ||||
कोलॉइडों का वर्गीकरण | Classification of Colloids | ||||
इमल्शन | Emulsion | ||||
द्रवरागी | Lyophilic colloids | ||||
द्रवविरागी | Lyophobic Colloids | ||||
बहुआण्विक कोलाइड | |||||
वृहदाण्विक कोलाइड | |||||
सहचारी कोलाइड (मिसेल) | Micelles | ||||
क्रांतिक मिसेल ताप | Critical micelle Temprature | ||||
ब्रेडिंग आर्क विधि | Bredig's arc | ||||
विद्युत अपोहन | Electrodialysis | ||||
निस्यन्दन | filtration | ||||
सॉल | Sols | ||||
टिंडल शंकु | Tyndall Cone | ||||
ब्राउनी गति | Brownian movement | ||||
जीटा विभव | Zeta potential | ||||
स्कंदन | Coagulation | ||||
अवक्षेपण | Precipitation | ||||
पायस | Emulsion | ||||
ओस्टवाल्ड प्रक्रिया | Ostwald's process | ||||
पायसीकर्मक | emulsifier | ||||
पेप्टीकरण | Peptization | ||||
6 | तत्वों के निष्कर्षण के सिद्धांत एवं प्रक्रम | General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements | |||
धातुकर्म | Metallurgy | ||||
फफोलेदार कॉपर | Blister Copper | ||||
अपअयस्क (गैंग) | Gangue | ||||
घनत्वीय पृथक्करण | |||||
चुंबकीय पृथक्करण | Magnetic separation | ||||
फेन प्लवन विधि | foam flotation method | ||||
निक्षालन | Leaching | ||||
ढलवाँ लोहा | Cast iron | ||||
द्रवीकरण | Liquation | ||||
हाइड्रॉलिक धुलाई | Hydraulic washing | ||||
जलधातु विज्ञान | Hydrometallurgy | ||||
तत्वों का पृथक्करण | Isolation of elements | ||||
प्रगलन | smelting | ||||
परावर्तन भट्टी | Reverberatory furnace | ||||
वात्या भट्टी | Blast Furnace | ||||
शोधन | Zone refining | ||||
विद्युत अपघटनी शोधन | Electrolytic refining | ||||
वैन अर्केल विधि | Van arkel method | ||||
पिटवां लोहा | Wrought iron | ||||
मोंड विधि | Mond Process | ||||
वाष्प प्रावस्था परिष्करण | Vapour phase refining | ||||
वर्णलेखिकी (क्रोमैटोग्राफी) विधियाँ | Chromatographic methods | ||||
कॉलम क्रोमैटोग्राफी | Column Chromatography | ||||
कॉपर मेट | Copper matte | ||||
एलिंघम आरेख | Ellingham diagram | ||||
अवनमक | Depressants | ||||
हॉल हेरोल्ट प्रक्रिया | Hall heroult process | ||||
कच्चा लोहा | Pig Iron | ||||
धातुओं का शोधन | Purification of metals | ||||
Pyrometallurgy | |||||
7 | p ब्लॉक के तत्व | The p- Block Elements | |||
डाई नाइट्रोजन | |||||
हैबर विधि | Haber's process | ||||
नाइट्रोजन के ऑक्साइड | Oxides of Nitrogen | ||||
नाइट्रिक अम्ल | Nitric Acid | ||||
अपरूप | Allotropic Form | ||||
भूरी वलय परीक्षण | Brown ring test | ||||
ऑक्सीजन का असामान्य व्यवहार | Anomalous behaviour of oxygen | ||||
एक्वा रेजिया | Aqua regia | ||||
श्वेत फास्फोरस | White phosphorus | ||||
लाल फास्फोरस | Red phosphorus | ||||
काला फास्फोरस | Black phosphorus | ||||
मोनोक्लिनिक सल्फर | Monoclinic sulphur | ||||
फास्फोरस के हैलाइड | Halides of phosphorus | ||||
ऑक्सीकरण अवस्था | Oxidation State | ||||
सल्फर के ऑक्सी अम्ल | Oxoacids of sulphur | ||||
ओजोन | Ozone | ||||
सल्फ्यूरिक अम्ल | Sulphuric acid | ||||
धूम पट | Smoke screens | ||||
हैलोजन | Halogens | ||||
क्लोरीन | Chlorine | ||||
हैलोजन के ऑक्सी अम्ल | Oxoacids of Halogens | ||||
फास्फोरस के ऑक्सी अम्ल | Oxoacids of phosphorus | ||||
अंतराहैलोजन यौगिक | Intrahalogen compounds | ||||
उत्कृष्ट गैसें | Noble Gas | ||||
जीनॉन- फ्लुओरीन यौगिक | Xenon-Fluorine compounds | ||||
जीनॉन- ऑक्सीजन यौगिक | Xenon- Oxygen compounds | ||||
8 | d एवं f ब्लॉक के तत्व | The d and - Block elements | |||
एक्टिनॉइड संकुचन | Actinoid Contraction | ||||
एक्टिनॉइड | Actinoids | ||||
लौह चुंबकत्व | Ferromagnetism | ||||
आंतरिक संक्रमण धातु | Inner transition metals | ||||
अंतरालीय यौगिक | Interstitial Compounds | ||||
लैंथेनाइड संकुचन | Lanthanide contraction | ||||
लैंथेनाइड्स | Lanthanoids | ||||
मिश धातु | Mischmetall | ||||
प्रतिचुम्बकत्व | Diamagnetism | ||||
चतुष्फलकीय परमैंगनेट | Tetrahedral permanganate | ||||
संक्रमण धातुएँ | Transition metals | ||||
9 | उपसहसंयोजक यौगिक | Coordination Compounds | |||
उभयलिंगी लिगैंड | Ambidentate ligand | ||||
काइरल | Chiral | ||||
सिस-समावयवी | Cis- Isomer | ||||
उपसहसंयोजन सत्ता | Coordination entity | ||||
उपसहसंयोजन समावयवता | Coordination Isomerism | ||||
उपसहसंयोजन यौगिकों का सिद्धांत | Coordination Theory | ||||
क्रिस्टल क्षेत्र सिद्धांत | Crystal field splitting | ||||
क्रिस्टल क्षेत्र विपाटन | Crystal field theory | ||||
द्विदन्ती | Didentate | ||||
वियोजन स्थिरांक | Dissociation constant | ||||
फेशियल समावयवी | Facial Isomer | ||||
हेटरोलेप्टिक संकुल | Heteroleptic complex | ||||
होमोलेप्टिक संकुल | Homoleptic complex | ||||
हाइड्रेट समावयवता | Hydrate Isomerism | ||||
अस्थिरता स्थिरांक | Instability Constant | ||||
आयनन समावयवता | Ionisation Isomerism | ||||
लुईस अम्ल | Lewis Acid | ||||
लिगेंड क्षेत्र सिद्धांत | Ligand Field Theory | ||||
लिगेंड | Ligands | ||||
लिंकेज समावयवता | Linkage Isomerism | ||||
मेरिडियनल समावयवी | Meridional isomer | ||||
धातु कार्बोनिल् | Metal Carbonyls | ||||
प्रकाशिक समावयवता | Mononuclear Coordination Compound | ||||
ध्रुवण समावयवता | Optical Isomerism | ||||
बहुदंत्ती | Polydentate | ||||
प्राथमिक संयोजकता | Primary valence | ||||
द्वितीयक संयोजकता | Secondary valence | ||||
विलायकयोजन समावयवता | Solvate Isomerism | ||||
प्रबल क्षेत्र लिगेंड | Strong Field Ligand | ||||
ट्रांस समावयवी | Trans Isomer | ||||
10 | हैलोएल्केन तथा हैलोएरीन | Haloalkanes and Haloarenes | |||
एल्किल हैलाइड | Alkyl halides | ||||
एल्कीन | Alkene | ||||
असममित कार्बन | Asymmetric Carbon | ||||
आणविक असममिता | Molecular Asymmetry | ||||
इलेक्ट्रॉनरागी प्रतिस्थापन | Electrophilic Substitution | ||||
उभयदंती नाभिकरागी | Ambident Nucleophile | ||||
एकाण्विक नाभिकरागी प्रतिस्थापन | Substitution Nucleophilic unimolecular | ||||
अकाइरल | Achiral | ||||
एरिल हैलाइड | Aryl Halides | ||||
एलिलिक हैलाइड | Allylic Halides | ||||
एल्किल हैलाइड | Alkyl Halide | ||||
एल्कीन | Alkenes | ||||
काइरलता | Chirality | ||||
कार्बधात्विक यौगिक | Organometallic Compounds | ||||
कार्बोधनायन | Carbocation | ||||
ग्रिग्नार्ड अभिकर्मक | Grignard Reagent | ||||
जेमिनल हैलाइड् | Geminal Halides | ||||
डी.डी.टी | DDT | ||||
ध्रुवण अघूर्णक | Optically Inactive | ||||
द्विआण्विक नाभिकरागी प्रतिस्थापन | Substitution Nucleophilic Bimolecular | ||||
नाभिकरागी प्रतिस्थापन | Nucleophilic Substitution | ||||
प्रतिबिम्ब रूप | Enantiomers | ||||
प्रोटिक विलायक | Protic Solvents | ||||
फिंकेलस्टाइन अभिक्रिया | Finkelstein Reaction | ||||
फ्रेऑन प्रशीतक | Freon Refrigerant | ||||
बेन्जिलिक हैलाइड् | Benzylic Halides | ||||
मुक्त मूलक | Free Radical | ||||
रेसमिक मिश्रण | Racemic Mixture | ||||
रेसमीसीकरण | Racemisation | ||||
वामवर्ती | Laevorotatory | ||||
विन्यास का प्रतिलोमन | Inversion Configuration | ||||
वुर्ट्ज अभिक्रिया | Wurtz Reaction | ||||
वुर्ट्ज फिटिंग अभिक्रिया | Wurtz Fittig Reaction | ||||
विसिनल डाइब्रोमाइड | Vicinal dibromide | ||||
विसिनल हैलाइड | Vicinal Halides | ||||
सैण्डमेयर अभिक्रिया | Sandmeyer's Reaction | ||||
स्वार्ट्स अभिक्रिया | Swarts Reaction | ||||
हेलोएरीन | Haloarene | ||||
फिटिंग अभिक्रिया | Fittig reaction | ||||
हेलोऐल्केन | Haloalkane | ||||
11 | एल्कोहल, फिनॉल और ईथर | Alcohol, Phenol and Ether | |||
अंतरा आणविक बंध | Intermolecular bonding | ||||
अंतः आणविक बंधन | intramolecular bond | ||||
इलेक्ट्रॉनरागी एरोमैटिक प्रतिस्थापन | Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution | ||||
ईथर | Ethers | ||||
एस्टर | Esters | ||||
एस्टरीकरण | Esterification | ||||
एरोमेटिक वलय | Aromatic Ring | ||||
एलिलिक एल्कोहल | Allylic Alcohol | ||||
एल्कोहल | Alcohols | ||||
एल्कोहल की अम्लता | Acidity of Alcohol | ||||
कोल्बे अभिक्रिया | Kolbe's Reaction | ||||
कोल्बे वैधुत अपघटन | kolbe electrolysis | ||||
क्यूमीन | cumene | ||||
क्लीमेन्सन अपचयन | clemmensen Reduction | ||||
त्रिविम केंद्र | stereo center | ||||
प्रणोदक | Propellant | ||||
फिनॉल | Phenols | ||||
फिनॉल की अम्लता | Acidity of Phenols | ||||
बेंज़िलिक एल्कोहल | Benzylic Alcohol | ||||
योगोत्पाद | Adduct | ||||
रीमर-टीमन अभिक्रिया | Reimer-Tiemann Reation | ||||
लुकास परीक्षण | lucas Test | ||||
विनाइल एल्कोहल | Vinylic Alcohol | ||||
विलियमसन संश्लेषण | Williamson Synthesis | ||||
12 | एल्डिहाइड, कीटोन और कार्बोक्सिलिक अम्ल | Aldehyde, Ketone and carboxylic acid | |||
इलेक्ट्रॉन अपनयक समूह | Electron withdrawing group | ||||
इलेक्ट्रॉन दाता समूह | Electron Donating group | ||||
ईटर्ड अभिक्रिया | Etard Reaction | ||||
एल्काइलबेंजीन | Alkylbenzenes | ||||
एल्डिहाइड | Aldehyde | ||||
एल्डोल अभिक्रिया | Aldol Reaction | ||||
एल्डोल संघनन | Aldol condensation | ||||
कार्बोक्सिलिक अम्ल | Carboxylic Acid | ||||
कैनिजारो अभिक्रिया | Cannizzaro Reaction | ||||
क्रॉस एल्डोल संघनन | Cross Aldol Condensation | ||||
गाटरमान अभिक्रिया | Gatterman Reaction | ||||
गाटरमान-कॉख अभिक्रिया | Gattermann-Koch reaction | ||||
गोलाकार प्रोटीन | Globular Protein | ||||
टॉलेन परीक्षण | Tollen's Test | ||||
ध्रुवता | Polarity | ||||
पॉलीहाइड्रिक यौगिक | Polyhydric Compounds | ||||
फेहलिंग परीक्षण | Fehling's test | ||||
फ्रीडल-क्राफ्ट् अभिक्रिया | Friedal-Crafts Reactions | ||||
बेयर अभिकर्मक | Baeyer's Reagent | ||||
रोजेनमुण्ड अपचयन | Rosenmund Reduction | ||||
रोशेल लवण | Rochelle Salt | ||||
वलय प्रतिस्थापन | Ring Substitution | ||||
वसा अम्ल | Fatty Acid | ||||
विकृतीकरण | Denaturation | ||||
वोल्फ-किशनर अपचयन | Wolf-Kishner Reduction | ||||
स्टीफन अपचयन | Stephen Reaction | ||||
हेल-वोल्हार्ड ज़ेलिंस्की अभिक्रिया | Hell-Volhard Zelinsky reaction | ||||
विकृतीकरण | Denaturation | ||||
हेलोफॉर्म अभिक्रिया | Haloform Reaction | ||||
13 | एमीन | Amine | |||
अमोनोलिसिस | Ammonolysis | ||||
एमीन | Amine | ||||
एज़ो रंजक | Azo dyes | ||||
एरिल एमीन | Arylamines | ||||
ऐल्किलीकरण | Alkylation | ||||
एल्केन ऐमीन | Alkanamines | ||||
एसिलन | Acylation | ||||
कार्बिल एमीन अभिक्रिया | Carbylamine Reaction | ||||
कार्बोहाइड्रेट | Carbohydrates | ||||
गेब्रियल थैलिमाइड संश्लेषण | Gabriel Phthalimide Synthesis | ||||
डाइऐजोकरण | Diazotisation | ||||
डाइऐजोनियम लवण | Diazonium Salt | ||||
लुईस क्षारक | Lewis Base | ||||
संरचना- क्षारकता संबंध | Structure- Basicity relationship | ||||
सल्फोनीकरण | Sulphonation | ||||
हॉफमैन ब्रोमामाइड अभिक्रिया | Hoffmann Bromamide Reaction | ||||
हिंसबर्ग अभिकर्मक | Hinsberg's Reagent | ||||
14 | जैव अणु | Biomolecules | |||
स्थानांतरण-आरएनए | Transfer-RNA | ||||
आइसोल्यूसिन | Isoleucine | ||||
ऑक्सीडोरिडक्टेज | Oxidoreductase | ||||
आर्जिनिन | Arginine | ||||
एन्जाइम | Enzymes | ||||
ऐनोमर | Anomers | ||||
एमाइलोज | Amylose | ||||
एमिलोपेक्टिन | Amylopectin | ||||
एमीनो अम्ल | Amino acids | ||||
एल्डोपेंटोज | Aldopentose | ||||
एसिलीकरण | Acylation | ||||
एस्पार्टिक अम्ल | Aspartic Acid | ||||
एस्पेराजीन | Asparagine | ||||
ओलिगोसेकेराइड | Oligosaccharide | ||||
ग्लूकोनिक अम्ल | Gluconic Acid | ||||
ग्लूकोज | Glucose | ||||
ग्लूटामाइन | Glutamine | ||||
ग्लूटॉमिक अम्ल | Glutamic Acid | ||||
ग्लिसरल्डिहाइड | Glyceraldehyde | ||||
जल में घुलनशील विटामिन | Water Soluble Vitamin | ||||
जैव अणु | Biomolecules | ||||
टाइरोसिन | Tyrosine | ||||
ट्राईसैकेराइड् | Trisaccharides | ||||
ट्रिप्टोफेन | Tryptophan | ||||
डाइसैकेराइड् | Disaccharides | ||||
थ्रिओनीन | Threonine | ||||
पाइरेनोज़ संरचना | Pyranose structure | ||||
प्राणी मंड | Animal Starch | ||||
विकृतीकरण प्रोटीन | Denaturation Protein | ||||
प्रोलिन | Proline | ||||
फेनिलएलानिन | Phenylalanine | ||||
फुरेनोस | Furanose | ||||
फ्रुक्टोज | Fructose | ||||
मंड | Starch | ||||
मेथिओनाइन | Methionine | ||||
मोनोसैकराइड् | Monosaccharides | ||||
राइबोज़ | Ribose | ||||
राइबोसोमल-आरएनए | Ribosomal-RNA | ||||
रेशेदार प्रोटीन | Fibrous Protein | ||||
लाइसीन | Lysine | ||||
ल्यूसीन | Leucine | ||||
वसा में घुलनशील विटामिन | Fat Soluble Vitamin | ||||
विटामिन | Vitamin | ||||
विषमचक्रीय यौगिक | Heterocyclic Compounds | ||||
वैलीन | Valine | ||||
सुक्रोज | Sucrose | ||||
सेरीन | Serine | ||||
सेलुलोज | Cellulose | ||||
हिस्टडीन | Histidine | ||||
हॉवर्थ संरचना | Haworth Structure | ||||
15 | बहुलक | Polymer | |||
अर्ध-संश्लेषित बहुलक | Semi-Synthetic Polymers | ||||
अल्प घनत्व पॉलिथीन | Low Density Polythene | ||||
जैव निम्नीकरणीय बहुलक | Biodegradable polymers | ||||
टेफ्लॉन | Teflon | ||||
टेरिलीन | Terylene | ||||
ताप दृढ़ बहुलक | Thermosetting Polymers | ||||
ताप सुघट्य बहुलक | Themosetting Polymers | ||||
ज़िग्लर-नट्टा उत्प्रेरक | Ziegler-Natta Catalyst | ||||
नायलॉन 6,6 | Nylon 6,6 | ||||
नायलॉन 6 | Nylon 6 | ||||
निओप्रीन | Neoprene | ||||
नोवोलैक | Novolac | ||||
पॉलीएमाइड | Polyamides | ||||
पॉलिएस्टर | Polyesters | ||||
पॉलीएक्रिलोनाइट्राइल | Polyacrylonitrile | ||||
पॉलिथीन | Polythene | ||||
पीएचबीवी | PHBV | ||||
प्राकृतिक बहुलक | Natural Polymer | ||||
बहुलक | Polymers | ||||
बहुलकीकरण | Polymerisation | ||||
बैकेलाइट | Bakelite | ||||
ब्यूना-N | Buna-N | ||||
ब्यूना-S | Buna-S | ||||
योगज बहुलक | Addition Polymer | ||||
रबर | Rubber | ||||
रसायन चिकित्सा | Chemotherapy | ||||
वल्कनीकरण | Vulcanisation | ||||
वैसोडिलेटर | Vasodilator | ||||
श्रृंखला प्रारंभिक पद | Chain Initiating Step | ||||
श्रृंखला संचरण पद | Chain propagating step | ||||
श्रृंखला समापन पद | Chain terminating step | ||||
संदेशवाहक-आरएनए | Messenger-RNA | ||||
संघनन बहुलक | Condensation polymer | ||||
संश्लेषित रबर | Synthetic rubber | ||||
संश्लेषित बहुलक | Synthetic Polymer | ||||
सहबहुलक | Copolymers | ||||
सहबहुलकन | Copolymerization | ||||
16 | दैनिक जीवन में रसायन | Chemistry in daily life | |||
अति अम्लता | Hyperacidity | ||||
अस्वापक पीड़ाहारी | Non-narcotic analgesics | ||||
एंजाइमों की उत्प्रेरक क्रिया | Catalytic action of enzymes | ||||
एन्जाइम संदमक | Enzyme inhibitors | ||||
एलोस्टीरिक सतह | Allosteric site | ||||
एस्पिरिन | Aspirin | ||||
औषध | Drugs | ||||
औषध लक्ष्य अन्योन्य क्रिया | Drug- target interaction | ||||
औषध एन्जाइम अन्योन्य क्रिया | Drug- enzyme interaction | ||||
औषधीय साबुन | Medicated soaps | ||||
कीटोन | Ketones | ||||
कृत्रिम मधुरक | Artificial sweetening agents | ||||
जीवाणुनाशी | Bacteriostatic | ||||
जीवाणु निरोधी | Bacteriostatic | ||||
धुलाई के साबुन | Laundry soap | ||||
परिरक्षक | Preservatives | ||||
पायसीकारक | Emulsifiers | ||||
पारदर्शी साबुन | Transparent soaps | ||||
पीड़ाहारी | Analgesics | ||||
पूर्तिरोधी | Antiseptic | ||||
प्रतिअम्ल | Antacids | ||||
प्रतिअवसादक औषध | Antidepressant drugs | ||||
प्रतिजनन क्षमता औषध | Antifertility Drugs | ||||
प्रतिजैविक | Antibiotics | ||||
प्रति सूक्ष्म जैविक | Antimicrobial | ||||
प्रशांतक | Tranquilizers | ||||
प्रसाधन साबुन | Toilet soaps | ||||
बार्बिट्यूरेट | Barbiturates | ||||
मधुरक | Sweeteners | ||||
मार्जन साबुन | Scouring soaps | ||||
रासायनिक संदेशवाहक | Chemical messengers | ||||
लक्ष्य-अणु | Molecular Targets | ||||
विस्तृत स्पेक्ट्रम प्रतिजीवाणु | Broad spectrum antibiotics | ||||